Pirate Software & Antitrust Law II

　　In the most companies, the MIS engineers always engage in the setting up of pirate software, and therefore they are sentenced the infringement act of the guilt by the Taiwanese judges. Why? In the Taiwanese law theory, the standard of the guilt is the conduct crime, so that the standard depends on who engages in the infringement act. However, much software is adopted by the Taiwanese companies, and every company doesn't want to spend time training the employees for using the adopted genuine or pirate software. Hence, the employees must bring their familiar pirate software, and they shall set up the working software on the company's computer. The employees have been the infringement act of the guilt, and this is a big problem between the employer and employees in law.

Reference

1. Wikipedia, Management information system, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_information_system

Pirate Software & Antitrust Law

　　I had proposed the problem of the software industry last year, and I also emphasized the software companies should charge the fee by the hour for using their software. What's the problem? People do not want to pay the money to buy software for the purpose of learning, and therefore the software companies must release the pirate software for them. Why? If they cannot acquire certain software, they may change their mind to find similar software for solving their working problems. Of course, they shall gradually become the fixed customers of this pirate software, and they shall drop the software which they want to acquire originally. The software company wants to raise the market share, so that it releases the illegal copy to reach this result. However, it's unfair, and this software company has violated the Antitrust Law. Actually, almost all of the software companies in the world have violated the Antitrust Law, which is a vicious circle, and therefore I think the best solving method shall charge the fee by the hour.

If you need the professional software, you can try to find a certain software from the useful VeryCD website.
References

1. C. M. Huang（2011.04.06）軟體版權現狀假說，Ching-Min Huang Office，http://cmhuangoffice.blogspot.tw/2011/04/blog-post_06.html
2. C. M. Huang（2011.04.09）軟體版權現狀假說II，Ching-Min Huang Office，http://cmhuangoffice.blogspot.tw/2011/04/ii_09.html
3. Wikipedia, Competition law, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_law
4. VeryCD, VeryCD电驴大全, http://www.verycd.com/

Theoretical Problem in LRFD IV

　　In the 1930s, many researchers and engineers were involved to improve the calculating method of reinforced concrete. Why? Engineers didn't have the computers to complete the calculations, and therefore all of the calculating details had to be calculated by hand. However, the original calculating method, Working Stress Design, is based on the mechanics of composite material, and actually the calculating procedures are a little bit complex calculated by hand.

　　C. S. Whitney proposed a simple calculating method in 1937, and it tried to replace the traditional calculating procedures of composite material. This method has many advantages, fast calculation for the beam member, for example, but it does NOT follow the mechanics of composite materials. As everyone knows, Whitney's method is an approximating method to obtain the inaccurate result, and it is based on the experimental data without any mechanics or theory to support.

　　In the ACI 318 1971 Code, the WSD method is dropped, and the USD method is adopted to replace it. In 1980s, the personal computers were available to all, but the USD method had replaced the WSD method completely. Actually, nobody calculates the beam, column, wall, or plate by hand except that students must pass the required examinations. Besides, engineers are also possible to calculate the members by hand sometimes, but this is just to complete the double check procedure for the special cases.

　　In the ACI 318 1963 Code, the thickness of the code is less than 80 pages, and it doesn't have the commentaries to explain the articles. In such kind of situation, engineers had to pay their attention on the calculating examples, and therefore most published books adopted a lot of examples to explain the calculating method of ACI Code. Actually, the ACI 318 1963 Code was not important for engineers, but these calculating examples were more important than it.

　　In the mechanics of composite materials, the theoretical rules do not permit the members to produce the cracks. In my original concept, I also think the reinforced concrete cannot permit to produce the cracks. However, many houses are designed by the USD method, but the crack problem doesn't affect the structural safety. In other words, the influence of crack problem is very finite for the members, and therefore I change my mind to support the cracks.

　　I think reinforced concrete should follow the WSD method, and the researchers must continue the researches. If the calculating method is still the USD method, the factor interdependent problem shall have to be solved to avoid the design failure. The factor interdependent problem is a problem of "Chicken or Egg", and I think this problem cannot be solved by computer in limited time for the engineering purposes. Of course, it's possible to become a research topic, but I think everyone still has to face the problem.

References

1. C. S. Whitney（1937）Design of Reinforced Concrete members Under Flexure or Combined Flexure and Direct Compression, Journal of American Concrete Institute, Vol.33, pp.483-498
2. S. P. Timoshenko & J. M. Gere（1972）Mechanics of Materials, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
3. Wikipedia, Chicken or the egg, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_or_the_egg

Theoretical Formula of the Super Nuclear Bomb II

　　I know some people question the truth of whether I can make a super nuclear bomb or not. I don't permit anybody question me, so that I must provide my approach to let you know. Actually, the kernel technology is how to build the centrifuge, and therefore you can take the enriched uranium to build a super nuclear bomb. In the way of the centrifuge, I'll divide many different parts to describe its structure, including the principle of the centrifuge, pressure vessel, blade, and transmission shaft. All of these technologies are my researches, and I haven't stolen any technology from any country. I emphasize my words again, and it's that this is my way to build the super nuclear bomb.

　　The principle of the centrifuge is to let the centrifugal force separate the Uranium and impurities, and its key concept is the specific gravity of Uranium 19.1 higher than the impurities. The cleaning naphtha is a possible mixed liquid, but the chemists may find the better choice. Besides, the blades stir the mixed liquid to turn upward, but the acceleration of gravity shall let it turn down. Hence, there are three forces, including centrifugal force, the turning upward force, and the acceleration of gravity. In these forces, the centrifugal force is the primary force, and the other two forces are just let the mixed liquid maintain the circulatory mode. According to this concept, the Uranium and impurities are separated by the difference of centrifugal forces, and it can be shown as following equation.


　　In this equation, the rotational speed is the most important matter, so that you shall try to find the fast motor as far as you can. After you know the principle, the next mission is to design the mixed liquid vessel, and it is the so-called pressure vessel. The critical mass is just 48.8kg, so that you cannot refine more than 30kg one time. Because you just can refine 30kg Uranium, your pressure vessel is a very small vessel. The vessel diameter won't be larger than 2.0m, and the vessel height may be just 1.5m. How do you calculate the thickness of this pressure vessel? When you open the book of S. P. Timoshenko, "Mechanics of Materials", you can find the equations to calculate the stresses of the cylindrical pressure vessel which are as following equations.

　　　　　
　　I had ever analyzed this problem by the finite element software, and I had made sure the two equations were right. According to the pressure vessels codes of the United States and Russian Federation, the factor of safety cannot be less than 3.5, and you should adopt a higher value to obtain a safer design result. However, you must make at least a hole as the conduit, so that you can filter the Uranium and impurities. To obtain a better design results, I think the finite element analysis is still necessary to compare with the theoretical formulas. After you filter the Uranium, you have to take the grinder to let it become the finer Uranium, and then you shall use the centrifuge to fine it again.

　　In my working experiences, I had ever analyzed several blades and transmission shafts, and I just let you know the key points of the two different things. On the internet, you can be easy to find many packages to calculate the 3D coordinates for the blade, and you shall choose Pro/Engineer or SolidWorks to draw its solid model. Of course, you can calculate its efficiency by hand, and you also can analyze it by the software of computational fluid dynamics. After you complete this analysis, you have to analyze its structural strength by the procedures of fluid–structure interaction to modify the shape or thickness of the blade. Until the structural analysis is completed, the blade shape is fixed at the same time.

　　The quantity of blades can choose 3, and the material of them can adopt the high strength carbon fiber. The following procedure is to use the CNC, and then you can make the blades by the CNC mold for the centrifuge. The CNC can adopt the exchange file format of Pro/Engineer or SolidWorks, and the exchange file shall be transferred to the G code or M code by the middle software MasterCAM. Of course, the quality of the blade mold is based on the MasterCAM, so that the technician is very important. The dynamic equilibrium is very important for maintaining systemic stable, and therefore the blades must be made more than three and chosen the same weight blades to avoid the unstable fracture problem.

　　The transmission shaft has the critical speed problem, and it is the so-called structural resonance in civil engineering. Actually, most of the structural resonance problems in civil engineering are the suspensor structures, suspension bridge, for example. There was a real case which was Jiantan Station Roof of Taipei MRT, and it had the structural resonance problem in 1997. Actually, you just need to build a 2D finite element model for the modal analysis, and then you can calculate the critical speed by hand. Of course, you also can calculate this procedure by hand, and you need to adopt the basic natural frequency equation which is as following equation. When you accelerate the speed of the transmission shaft, you must try to avoid the natural frequency or its multiple frequencies.


　　How do you measure the concentration of Uranium? There are many ways, including the mass-volume, densitometer … and so on. If you think the concentration is not enough, you shall repeat the above procedures to achieve the goal. How do you prepare the total quantity of Uranium? If the concentration of Uranium is 85%, you shall prepare 60.3kg which is including the additional 5% margin for the super nuclear bomb. I provide a simple calculation to show you, and you shall be easily to understand what I say. In fact, the present technology can let the concentration achieve more than 95%, so that the total quantity must be re-calculated. The design formula is based on the concentration 100%, and therefore the destructive power is affected by its concentration.


References

1. Wikipedia, Centrifuge, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifuge
2. Wikipedia, Naphtha, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphtha
3. Wikipedia, Uranium, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium
4. Wikipedia, Specific gravity, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_gravity
5. S. P. Timoshenko & J. M. Gere（1972）Mechanics of Materials, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
6. C. M. Huang（2011.04.02）流固耦合計算, Ching-Min Huang Office, http://cmhuangoffice.blogspot.tw/2011/04/blog-post_02.html
7. Wikipedia, Carbon (fiber), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_(fiber)
8. Wikipedia, Numerical control, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_control
9. 吳朝斌、于中原、林淑晴、魏竹星、林淑燕（2007）臺北捷運土建設計發展與文物，捷運技術半年刊第37期，http://www2.dorts.gov.tw/tech/techjour/tcj37/B3.pdf