高中資訊科技概論的軟體教學II

　　我認為，高中的通識課程得斟酌列入考科，包括：資訊科技概論（４０）、生活科技（２０）、地球科學（２０）、健康與護理（１２）、家政（８），採用「綜合通識」為考試科目名稱。其中，資訊科技概論並不限於理工領域，亦涵蓋許多的醫商農和社會科學領域，例如：公共衛生學系的傳染病統計相關學科、商學院相關學科、農學院的農業統計學、經濟學系的計量經濟學相關學科、社會學系的統計調查相關學科、…等。

　　數學和統計軟體的學習有必要性，作為考試科目是理所當然的道理。事實上，醫商農和社會科學領域非常仰賴統計軟體，其他理工相關領域較依賴數學和統計軟體。生活科技、地球科學、健康與護理及家政，已經是生活基本常識學科，將其納入指定考科考試有相當地必要性。高中是高教體系專業學習的基礎，不同於技職體系是已知專業領域，卻在刪除非必要的高中必選修課程內容，所以此５門學科都應該納入學習和考試。

　　高中生要是沒有考上三級學校，就立刻接受國防部的軍事動員徵招，並役服４個月的海軍陸戰隊軍事訓練。若是要考上三級學校，將分別在第１年和第２年的暑假，提出國防部的軍事動員徵招申請，並役服２次２個月的海軍陸戰隊軍事訓練。在第２次海軍陸戰隊軍事訓練時，有１個月是分發到部隊做軍事兵種訓練，就是海軍陸戰隊暨陸海空軍事兵種訓練。也就是說，即使三級學歷念完沒有考上二級學校，亦將在畢業當年的八月下旬就能開始工作。

我的博士學位制度

　　我的博士學位制度的起源，為俄羅斯的副博士學位（３～４）和博士學位（１０），並有意引進副博士學位來解決博士程度良莠不齊的問題。因此，我在引進俄羅斯副博士學位後，將其具體分割為４個等級以程度做切割，並將１３～１４年分攤給同博士學位的５級制。我採取的標準攻讀年限，為碩士學位３年、副博士學位４～５年及博士學位３～４年。

⑴　▲（３）　→　★（３）
⑵　　　　　　→　①（５）　→　★（３）
⑶　　　　　　→　②（５）　→　★（４）
⑷　　　　　　→　③（５）　→　①（５）　→　★（３）
⑸　　　　　　　　　　　　　→　②（４）　→　★（４）
⑹　　　　　　→　④（５）　→　②（５）　→　★（４）
⑺　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　→　①（４）　→　★（３）
⑻　　　　　　　　　　　　　→　③（４）　→　①（５）　→　★（３）
⑼　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　→　②（４）　→　★（４）
⑽　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　→　①（４）　→　★（３）

★：博士學位　　　　１４３
①：一級副博士學位　１１０　　②：二級副博士學位　　８０
③：三級副博士學位　　５０　　④：四級副博士學位　　２０
▲：碩士學位　　　　　　０　　◆：碩士後研究學位　　　１

有限元素法的基礎觀念VII

　　結構矩陣分析，是接近有限元素分析的結構分析，在土木技師和結構技師有此範圍，以讓考生具備有限元素分析的概念。我列出１６種有限元素，為土木工程範圍的有限元素，機械工程要會用的範圍更大。以結構矩陣分析來說，其教學以結構學為範圍做擴展，包括：LINK1, BEAM3, COMBIN14，其中的COMBIN14是額外的範圍。技師考試的結構矩陣分析，為有限元素BEAM3, COMBIN14，幾乎不會考最簡單的LINK1，而且都是屬於2D結構學的範圍。以有限元素分析的元素勁度矩陣，就節點編號做整體勁度矩陣的組合，以其逆矩陣乘上外力矩陣來求取變位矩陣，此種∆ = K ^-1 P的結構分析就是結構矩陣分析。在ANSYS做結構矩陣分析，採用線性靜力分析來完成其程序，也就是Static／Linear／的結構分析模式。

高中資訊科技概論的軟體教學

　　臺灣高中生的資訊科技概論，需要學習軟體以便於入學大學後使用。我認為，在CentOS Linux系統上，得斟酌R, Maxima, Octave, OpenOffice ( Calc, Writer, Impress )，並以非root權限以限定指令於/home目錄下，得降低系統操作不當衍生的維護費。R達到商業軟體的水準，Maxima還沒達到這麼高的水準，然而Maxima並無法完全涵蓋Octave的功能，亦有需要學習Octave以代替Mathematica的功能，至於OpenOffice將得以代替Microsoft Office。Maxima相較於Mathematica，其功能薄弱卻得求解多數大學以下的數學，僅是不如Mathematica除MATLAB Toolbox外，有辦法得以取代MATLAB的數值計算功能。R是類似於SPSS, SAS的軟體，其軟體功能相當強大不下於商業軟體。R是統計軟體，Maxima, Octave是數學軟體，OpenOffice是辦公室軟體，高中生有需要學習以上軟體，以便於往後轉型為商業軟體的模式。

計算地震論文

Nature
January 1, 2014
Title
　　Computational Earthquake
Abstract
　　Computational Earthquake is a new earthquake forecasting method.
Keyword: Earthquake

I.　　Theory

　　The moon is a satellite of the earth and travels around it in orbit. Since the earth is a globe and rotates continuously, ocean blocks at different distances to the moon are subject to different gravitational pulls of the moon, causing the tidal phenomena. Earthquakes can be forecast by observing heavenly bodies that run in periodic patterns, which accounts for the periodic return of major earthquakes. The existing theories on earthquakes fail to provide an effective forecast because earthquakes do not result from the internal factors of the earth, but rather from the margin of gravity produced by the motion of heavenly bodies.

　　A 3D stereogram of the tectonic plate fault can be drawn on the basis of existing earthquake energy observations, earthquake epicenter and depth of the seismic focus, together with the relationship of the marginal gravitational forces caused by the motion of the earth and heavenly bodies. This can not only create an empirical equation for earthquake forecasting, but also simulate the earthquake energy, earthquake epicenter and depth of seismic focus in the case of the prospective motion of heavenly bodies.

　　The national disaster prevention agency should establish an earthquake forecast center and carry out analyses according to the latest simulation results in order to determine whether there will be an earthquake. It should make forecasts in a way that is similar to weather forecasting, but based on the possible position of the epicenter, the possible depth of the seismic focus, the size of energy generated from plates sliding, the earthquake intensity across the country, etc. Based on the established simulated earthquake model, earthquakes over the coming centuries can be calculated and deduced with the use of super computers to accurately estimate the occurrence probability of earthquakes (in the earthquake regression period of 475 years) that will exceed the designed earthquake-resistance level of the buildings during their 50-year designed service life.

　　Specification formulation for the structural design of earthquake resistance in civil engineering can be based on the accurate estimation of the earthquake intensity across the country, and its maximum surface acceleration via the earthquake model. Since the motion of the heavenly bodies has an influence on the exceedance probability, the exceedance probability is constant in the short term; however, the exceedance probability is not constant in the long term. Hence, continuous calculations are necessary to update the probabilistic data, and estimate the required earthquake resistance across the country in accordance with the structural reliability theory.

　　Along with the calculation of earthquake simulation results, the government needs to formulate a uniform earthquake simulation input and output format, as well as provide a three-dimensional image browser for the earthquake simulation results to enable those concerned with the latest earthquake simulation results to download the relevant simulation data at any time for browsing, studying and analyzing.

　　Earthquakes do not result from the release of energy accumulated in the Earth's crust; on the contrary, the gravity from the motion of heavenly bodies is causing the sliding of tectonic plates, and the product of the slide force and the slide distance comprises the energy released by earthquakes. Like the relation between the static friction coefficient and the kinetic friction coefficient in physics, to make the tectonic plate slide, the margin of gravity must exceed the static friction. Once the sliding begins, the static friction between the tectonic plates will turn into kinetic friction.

　　Sliding a certain distance inevitably allows its kinetic friction to become effective, stopping the sliding; at this point, the seismic activity will cease. Earthquakes in other non-junction areas cannot exert direct influences on the junction area because the earthquake zone is confined by the annular section formed by the junction between the tectonic plates. In other words, the gravity pull on the tectonic plates from heavenly bodies is a local, not universal, phenomenon. The local scope of tectonic plates depends on the earthquake forecast model, which is appropriate as long as it conforms to the explanation of the earthquake forecast model.

　　Earthquake energy observation, earthquake epicenter, depth of seismic focus, and the correlations among the motions of heavenly bodies and earth should be based on the earthquake observation data around the world, namely astrophysical observation data, in order to establish the relationship between the earthquake energy and the gravity of heavenly bodies. For the calculation of the gravity of heavenly bodies, the equation of Newton's law of gravity is adopted. It can be converted into:

(1)

where g_h is the gravity caused by heavenly bodies; G is the gravity constant; M_h is the mass of the heavenly body; and R is distance between the heavenly body and the point on the earth.

　　Given that the gravity of heavenly bodies and that of the earth and its centrifugal force are not collinear, it is necessary to take the intersection angle θ into consideration to compensate for the influence of g_h in the earth's gravitational direction with the trigonometric function. Under the consideration of the earth latitude and oblateness, the resultant direction of the gravity of the earth and its rotational centrifugal force can be used to calculate the deflection ϑ caused by the centrifugal force, which can be used as the basis for correcting the direction of the gravitational force of the heavenly bodies.

　　The stated 3D stereogram of the tectonic plate fault is produced in such a way that the earthquake fault line and its bandwidth range are first defined with a 2D plane map; then, based on the earthquake epicenter, depth and energy, the depth of the sliding surface is estimated, and lastly, the relevant and adjacent point locations of earthquake focus are drawn into a 3D stereogram. The 3D stereogram of the tectonic plate fault is then created on the computer. Through simulating the influence of gravity on the tectonic plates, which is exerted on each area of the world by the orbit of the heavenly bodies, the interaction force between the tectonic plates caused by the margin gravity is calculated.

　　Based on the past seismic data, the static friction necessary for tectonic plate sliding is estimated in correspondence to the margin of gravity caused by the motion of heavenly bodies, in order to predict whether or not the tectonic plate will slide. The estimation of the static and kinetic friction coefficients of the tectonic plate can be obtained through geological drilling or by obtaining the same soil type to measure its friction coefficient through experiments, to serve as the basic physical property of the 3D stereogram of the tectonic plate fault. The normal gravity of the 3D stereogram of the tectonic plate fault in each area of the world will be based on the data defined through the measurement of the physical observation instrument according to WGS84 or relevant international organization.

II.　　Conclusion

　　Computational Earthquake is proposed as the forecasting method to prevent the disasters.

Reference

Wikipedia, Newton's law of universal gravitation

人造颱風論文

Nature
August 25, 2014
Title
　　Artificial Typhoon
Abstract
　　The lower field of gravity, which includes the gravity of heavenly bodies, and higher Coriolis force may be calculated to find the intersection of the longitude and latitude, and the water vapor should be centralized or manufactured by the machines to create the artificial typhoon on the sea.
Keyword: Artificial Typhoon