If you hold a degree without the capability to do the fundamental jobs

　　In the foreign countries, because the labors absolutely obey the commands of the civil engineers, they can control and manage the working site easily. However, the labors may not follow the words of civil engineers in Taiwan, and therefore these engineers must learn some fundamental techniques to obtain their trust. It means in case you understand what they know on their jobs, everyone will listen to you and trust your decisions. Or, everybody may think you are a person who just can fight only on paper. Almost each Taiwanese has the same logic, so that it can be called the Taiwanese Spirit. If you intent to say "Listen to me" for a Taiwanese, you must understand broad professional knowledge and techniques in a specific field at least. In the academic fields, every professor in the world owns the Taiwanese Spirit, and every Taiwanese is just like the logic of a professor.

Which one I should be short of?

　　While I met my psychiatrist this month in Tainan, she provided me two professional terms, Asperger & Thought Disorder, in psychiatry as my homework this time. According to my words, I should be a patient of Asperger symptom in my childhood, and I have the Thought Disorder which cannot be defined which symptom is at present she said. She told me what the Thought Disorder is, and I told her I thought I am like a feline which cannot be distinguished which type of cat is. She agreed with what I said, but she thought I am not the common case. After I come home, I read some data about Asperger & Thought Disorder. I think I had the Asperger symptom in my childhood, and actually my childhood behaviors were very similar to this symptom. However, the Thought Disorder is a big problem, and I have no idea about which symptom should I have. I try to change the thinking direction, and I intent to know which one I should be short of. I must read more data and books, and therefore I am possible to deal with this problem. In terms of my present medicines, Depakine & Sulpiride, the most similar symptom should be Bipolar Disorder, but it is not the best symptom name to define my mental disorder.

References

1. C. M. Huang（2009.03.13）第一篇文章，Ching-Min Huang Office，http://cmhuangoffice.blogspot.com/2009/03/blog-post_6486.html
2. Wikipedia, Asperger syndrome, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asperger_syndrome
3. Wikipedia, Thought disorder, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought_disorder
4. Wikipedia, Bipolar disorder, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder

日據或日治

　　在向日本發動戰爭後，並要求割讓琉球群島，於統治五十年後歸還領土，不知日本將用「據」或「治」字，來描述外國勢力統治的歷史？臺灣要用日據或日治來自我描述，倒不如向日本歷史學家請益，應該會比較貼切於真實情況。臺灣位於東亞島鏈的重要地理位置，猶如琉球群島同樣有著相同的地位，因而用以作為相擬的比較案例，將是再貼切不過的事罷了。清末民初之時，日本人口過剩糧食不足，適逢明治維新甫結束不久，亟欲採取軍事擴張以尋求解決之道，因而才會有日清甲午戰爭、日臺乙未戰爭及第二次世界大戰。倘若要在日據或日治二選一，應該是「日據」較合乎歷史定位。

References

1. 仇佩芬（2013.07.23）政院：公文書一律用「日據」，中國時報，http://life.chinatimes.com/LifeContent/1401/20130723000425.html
2. C. M. Huang（2001.11.13）Super Nuclear Bomb, Ching-Min Huang Office

Thinking in the Hung's Case

　　According to the Article 250 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and Article 137 of the Code of Court Martial Procedure (CCMP), the judicial cases must be investigated by the controlled court, the CCMP 31.1, to avoid wasting the judicial resources. In terms of the Article 76.1.5 of the Criminal Code of the Armed Forces, these soldiers, who are in the military service, commit the Offence of Homicide, the Article 271.1 of the Criminal Code (CC), which should be decided by the Military Officers of the CCMP 11.1 that they committed it Intentionally, the CC 13, or Negligently, the CC 14.

Reference

1. Wikipedia, 洪仲丘事件, http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/洪仲丘事件

Fundamental Technicians

　　According to the statistical data, there are just 15 electricians and 30 plumbers who hold the Technician License with Level A among 160,000 electricians and 50,000 plumbers, and therefore everyone can know that the examinees are not easy to pass Taiwanese technician examinations. There were many TV News about the TVE students who hold many Licenses, and I can make sure that most of their majors were Finance and Economics, not the common majors. If the Educational 433 Theory can be adopted in Taiwanese Education, the fundamental technicians will be sufficient in the society. Students with the Bachelor degree are NOT willing to devote themselves to the fundamental fields, and the only way is to control the Authorization of Degrees at Universities. Besides, Taiwanese must learn how to respect every professional, and this concept should be the most important point among all of the problems.

References

1. 東森新聞（2013.07.22）工作辛苦耗勞力 水電工出現缺工潮，東森新聞，http://news.pchome.com.tw/society/ettv/20130722/index-13744859103060917002.html
2. C. M. Huang（2013.06.30）The Educational 433 Theory, Ching-Min Huang Office, http://cmhuangoffice.blogspot.tw/2013/06/the-educational-433-theory.html

Is it necessary to add Computer Programming into the formal courses?

　　In the IT Age, everybody should understand what Computer Science is, but Computer Programming seems too hard to be understood by most of the students. Compared with Computer Programming, the course, Introduction to Computer Science, should be taught by schools to let students understand how to live in the IT Age. However, except some specific engineering and science fields, most of the fields do not need such kind of background to work or research in the real world. Actually, most of the students or researchers adopt Linux or UNIX-like and its open sources in their work, and therefore the best choice of programming language should be C Programming Language, which I am quite familiar in C99 for example, especially most open sources written in C. The Object-Oriented Languages, Java and C++ for examples, are harder than C, so that they may be suitable adopted by the EECS field students. For the other persons, in case they intent to learn a programming language, the best suggestion should be Visual Basic, especially EXCEL VBA.

Reference

1. 劉耘整（2013.07.09）電腦程式列必修 德教界沒共識，臺灣立報，http://www.lihpao.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-131235

Foreign Songs

　　I have started to listen to the foreign songs since 1995, and the 1st foreign song I listened to was a Japanese song whose name is TOMORROW. In the year 1995, I was a freshman of NKIT, and my life was like a University student. I liked to collect the foreign songs, and tried to understand the foreign culture. Among the Japanese songs, my favorite songs are TOMORROW, そのままの君でいて, 残酷な天使のテーゼ, 煌めく瞬间に捕らわれて, TSUNAMI, and 真夏の果実. Besides, I also took a 2 credit language course, Japanese, in the 4th year, but I just understood the fundamental communications. On the other hand, I also listen to the Korean songs, and these songs are 용서 못해, Nobody, 강남스타일, and Payphone. In the English songs, my favorite songs are To Love You More, Casablanca, and The Final Countdown. Although I am not a Christian, I like to listen to most of the Christian songs, especially Amazing Grace. About 5 years ago, I started to listen to the classical melodies, and my favorite melodies are Por Una Cabeza and Cannon. If you are interested in them, please go to YOUTUBE to find them.

臺灣的教育，何來的啟發？

　　水庫路上山的路旁一處，是公司為配合工地作業搭建的工務所。夜晚屋外漆黑無比，住在荒郊野外的工務所晚上無處可去，僅可坐在辦公室讀讀書和上上網。網上的每一篇文章下的網友留話內容，幾乎篇篇都有多到看不完的留話字句，這個兒突然令我想到一個問題：「臺灣的教育，何來的啟發？」按理說，沒有歷經啟發式教育的過程，是不可能形塑一個有個人主見和批判能力的人。況且，臺灣人常批評自己接受填鴨式教育，往往認為臺灣的教育無法養成獨立思考的能力。然而，在國際社會中，臺灣人是很有意見的一群人，似乎非受後天教育養成，而是先天性使然的一種本質。

　　歐美國家講究啟發式教育，但是學科評分也必須讓考試來決定高低，僅僅是考試的方法和內容的不同，使得考試領導教學的成果得以展現。事實上，即便是非啟發式考試模式評分，教學和考試仍然可以完全分別，也就是採取啟發式教學和任意性的考試。教規教考規考，二種相互獨立，重點就不再是需不需要考試，而是該如何轉變教學方法。其實，臺灣在啟發式教學上，已經有一定程度的進展，只是尚未透過教師相互學習方式，來達成全國性通行的學科啟發式教學方法。在學科的啟發式教學方面，要達成全國性通行的程度必須要由教育部主導，然後制訂標準學科教學方法手冊，以短期訓練和相互觀摩方式來達成此一目標。

　　所謂的填鴨式教育，就是什麼都得很熟練的背起來，然後考試要考公式或考字句，背誦不熟練就無法通過考試或取得高分。因此，凡是涉及公式僅要求熟練計算，但是考試將提供公式作為計算條件；凡是涉及字句僅要求其概念和邏輯，但是考試不強求背誦出字句來作為評分依據。至於地理和歷史的學習，考試方法是可以靈活化，但的確是本身就具有記憶的本質。不過，在教學中夾帶短片、圖像、典故、…等後，想必學習將不是死板的背誦和記憶。在技術類教育方面，透過實務性操作過程，自然而然地會記住技術上的一些細節，甚至於經由反覆演練來代替背誦程序性問題。

　　啟發式教育一點都不難，就是不要求學生刻意的背誦和記憶，而且儘量讓學生在學習過程發表個人意見。無論學生的意見是對是錯，重點在於鼓勵思考和發言，並且教導學生如何發現自己的錯誤和尋求解決之道。臺灣的大學以上教育課程，常有做報告打分數的課程，卻往往被學生批評沒有意義。為什麼？偷懶的學生是上網找資料，並將資料截長補短的兜在一起。然後，再對於這些資料給出一些個人意見，不過有些學生可能連意見都是剽竊自網路。有心的學生會去圖書館找書查資料庫，然後在讀過內容之後節錄有用的詞句，之後的行為就和偷懶的學生完全相同。學生共同批評的不是做報告的訓練，而是相同的訓練不需要這麼多，數量過多也不過是在浪費時間，最好是在高中高職階段就完成此一訓練。

　　在大學階段的教育方面，應該要被重視的是運用資源的能力，和學習解決問題的方法和步驟。一般來說，大學圖書館都會開設資料庫使用講習，但是我在兩岸的大學圖書館所見卻是完全不同。臺灣幾乎沒什麼人會去參加，因而講習人員有多餘的時間可以教技巧；中國大陸要登記有位才可以參加，因而講習人員只能教導基本操作程序。一位合格的大學畢業生，應該已經具備以上能力。臺灣教育的訓練結果，往往使得臺灣人對自己沒有信心，自我否定似乎早已司空見慣。很多臺灣人都會覺得，自己接受的教育有很多都是營養學分，但是國外的大學也很多都是營養學分，在閱覽許多的英文討論區之後，就可以知道此言確實不假。

　　以臺灣人的角度來說，歐美國家的學科幾乎全部都是營養學分，因為多數課程都是做報告打分數，甚至於連計算科目都是在做報告。歐美國家的大一多數課程要考試，因為大一要給學生退學；大二以上的課程改成做報告，因為繼續考試到大四會所剩無幾。臺灣的教育水準不輸歐美國家，真正輸的是影響大學排名的研究水準。教育水準和研究水準不一樣，教育水準是指學生的素質，研究水準是指學術研究的成果。但是，全球大學排名是以研究水準為主，卻忽略了教育水準才是學生投入就業市場的專業能力。以比較客觀的角度來說，全球大學排名應該分為教育水準排名和研究水準排名，也就是每一所大學有兩種世界排名。

　　兩者排名不能夠分別打分數，然後將其合併在一起呈現一個排名結果，否則就會有不公平的解讀和認知。為什麼歐美國家的大二以上課程都是做報告？因為，要大二以上仍然維持考試，而不是採用營養學分的評分方式，一定會有人因此不及格。大一是諸如微積分、物理或化學之基礎學科，不及格並不會有任何的負面觀感；但是，大二以上的專業科目不及格的話，專業能力就有可能會被否定，也會影響以後的申請學校。也就是說，歐美國家打分數都是在打假分數，因為申請入學不能接受成績不好看的結果，即使有學校可念也會影響到獎學金的取得。

　　升學應該採用考試方式最公平，否則實在是別無他法可供運用。獎學金也應該是以考試方式取得，因為以成績方式取得將導致教授以做報告方式打假分數。為什麼強調是打假分數？因為，歐美國家的工程師、工程經理、…等資格，都是採審查制而非考試方式，有人可能因此一輩子都無法翻身，大學教授也不想誤人子弟地一律打假分數。歐美國家的教育方式組織比較鬆散，多數課程以翻書考試的訓練結果，就是讓學生養成必須找到相同範例來解決問題。若是要提升教育水準排名，就必須嚴格執行課程教學，卻將導致不能適應考試的學生無法向碩、博士升學。也就是說，所謂的優秀專業人才，不僅僅是擁有碩、博士學位懂學術研究，也得具備專業學科考試能力。要會研究，也會考試。或者就是會研究的人，考試能力較差取得排名靠後的碩、博士學位。歐美國家非常重視學歷，畢業學校和獲獎有關聯性，此乃是另一層面的問題。

　　事實上，臺灣教育的多數營養學分，僅僅是修課過程比較輕鬆，但是未必課程沒有內容。甚至於，多數營養學分僅僅是無小考無作業，但是仍得硬碰硬的考過期中、期末考，因為沒考試就無法打分數。考試是臺灣教育決定分數的多數模式，但是在考試方法和考試內容上，應該採取比較彈性靈活的方式，而不再是以背誦的方式來影響教學。國外的學科評分方式，很多也都是採用考試的模式，而且不是以考題難又廣的翻書考法，而是應該多斟酌各種不同的考試方法，以讓學生獲得最佳的學習成果才是。以正確的來說，考試是不能夠翻閱書籍，因為此乃是公平性原則的考量。過去的臺灣教育養成今日的人才，遲遲未有技術紮根的主要原因，其實是臺灣人無法擺脫靠製造業賺錢的思維。現在的臺灣教育養成日後的人才，成敗取決於今日的教育政策擬訂。

Taiwanese Education Policy for the mainland China from 985 to 211 Project

　　Taiwan has opened the entrance offers for the students of the mainland China ( Rusens ) since 2011, but the Rusens are concentrated in 15 Universities whose prestige may be quiet great in their hearts. Actually, the Rusens may not understand the Taiwanese Education Systems, including the Higher Education and Technical & Vocational Education Systems; besides, once the Rusens consider to work in Taiwan, they should understand the Logic of Taiwanese. As everyone knows, the KMT still continues to communicate with the DPP, and therefore the Taiwanese Government may be possible to open the working permit in the future.

　　In fact, every country permits that students abroad can obtain the working permit after they receive their degrees, or nobody wants to study in such kind of country. On the other hand, Taiwan Government doesn't recognize enough Universities of the mainland China, so that Taiwanese Universities cannot distract the focuses of the Rusens. Actually, compared with former Taiwanese birth populations 350,000 per year, the present quantities have been less than 200,000, and many Universities are going to meet the problem of student sources; if possible, Taiwan should recognize the Universities from 985 to 211 Project.

　　What's the problem? The 211 Project includes some Medical Universities, and the Taiwanese Government cannot make a concession. The Medical Universities have become a big issue in Taiwan, and it's almost impossible to be recognized by the Taiwanese Government. Actually, the Medical System is a protected profession in Taiwan, and the working permit is decided by the United Examination for the Universities. Hence, the Medical Universities may need to be eliminated from the 211 Project, and the quantities of the Universities should be able to satisfy the student sources of most Universities.

References

1. 陳至中（2013.07.06）陸生來台最愛 依舊是商科，中央通訊社，http://www.cna.com.tw/News/aEDU/201307060149-1.aspx
2. Wikipedia, Project 985, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_985
3. Wikipedia, Project 211, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_211

Progressive Delusion

　　According to my real experiences, I found a new type of paranoia in Psychiatry, and I named it Progressive Delusion. The patients own a special symptom which they always create the future fantasy for this moment and live in such kind of world; however, they can distinguish whether a matter is true or false, and therefore they are NOT the so-called disability persons in the Criminal Code. Once they hold the power, the others may be influenced by them who may make an un-peaceful environment. Sometimes, their behaviors are like the traditional Persecutory Delusions, and they always intent to attack the opposite side via their imaginations, opinions, and so on. Because I am NOT a doctor, I cannot write out a prescription for them. If possible, please help the patients of Progressive Delusion.

領導團隊的觀念─共進

　　讀過《天下雜誌》的「放大別人　縮小自己」一文後，深深感到該文對於此一觀念的詮釋並不正確。之所以放大別人縮小自己，其背後的目的是讓團隊知道自己的努力不會被領導忽視，因而會敞開心胸地接受領導的指示，其實就是一種「共進」的象徵性觀念。這種領導團隊的觀念，是可以適用於臺灣人的民族性，但是並不能被運用於所有的國家和地區。為什麼？臺灣人天性就是善於妒忌，而且多數人都會自然而然的否定他人，因而比較不能接受威權式領導，而必須採用認同感方式來領導團隊。舉反例來說，美國是個標準的英雄主義國家，相較之下較無妒忌之心和主動否定他人的觀念，反而會去尋求一個自己認同的英雄人物，而願意接受其領導整個工作團隊。當然，從奧斯卡金像獎的得獎人感言，應該就可以知道在和多國僱員共同合作時，必須採取的是放大別人縮小自己的領導模式。在經過此一解釋之後，相信眾人會更為明瞭放大別人縮小自己的意義。

Reference

1. 丁菱娟（2010）丁菱娟：放大別人，縮小自己，天下雜誌，http://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=40581

管理很難做到不涉及專業

　　按管理教科書上所指的管理，就是把對的人放在對的位置上，然後就可以完全脫離專業地執行高階控管作業。臺灣的許多書店裡，有在賣一本黑皮中譯書，專門在介紹各式各樣的管理工具，但是似乎不能夠完全適用於土木工程。在土木工程這個行業裡，不僅僅是在臺灣的幾千人公司，甚至於是幾萬人的國際公司，分配於單一大型工程專案的工作人數，算一算也不過是數十人到一百餘人之譜。但是，在許多涉及工程細節的地方，卻仍然得要高階經理人親為之，無法解決就找專家、學者或有經驗的人士，可以想見土木工程確實有其行業上的獨特性。不過，對於僱員超過十萬人的公司，其組織分工就會產生高階經理人不須懂專業，工作內容將轉變為給出方向、策略及閱覽財務報表。在其他的行業中，應該也有類似之情形，也就是管理很難做到不涉及專業。

High School Problem in Taiwan

　　In the recent years, the HE students can give up some subjects in the United Examination on July 1-3 every year, but they still need to take all of the high school courses to satisfy the graduation requirements. Actually, Taiwan has the Comprehensive High Schools, so that students may take the high school courses and professional courses at the same time. However, because the comprehensive high schools increase the loading of school works, most of the students' parents are opposed to such kind of educational system. But that students choose comprehensive high schools, they cannot delete any course of the high school with some professional courses. Why? The primary reason is that students do not know their majors yet before they receive the entrance offers, and the schools have the higher priority than the departments for Taiwanese students, especially. Nobody can solve this problem for students, and therefore students must accept that they need to take all of the high school courses.

The Educational 433 Theory

　　In the Bachelor stage, the present HE and TVE students ratio of Taiwan is 49:51, but most of the developed countries have the HE students under 40%. Hence, the Taiwanese HE and TVE students should be 40% and 60%, respectively, but the TVE students should be divided into two parts, which are 30% and 30% for the full time and part time students, respectively. The TVE students must be divided into two parts to satisfy Taiwanese manpower requirements, so that it's necessary to rebuild the educational concepts and values for the whole Taiwanese society.

Reference

1. C. M. Huang（2013.06.19）給技職生念的在職學、碩士學位，Ching-Min Huang Office，http://cmhuangoffice.blogspot.tw/2013/06/blog-post_19.html

What's the difference between Taiwanese and Foreign TVE Systems? II

　　Taiwanese TVE deletes most of the fundamental courses in the senior high school stage, which are not the professional requirements of the target major, and let students pay all of the attentions on the professional courses to raise the professional capability. Compared with the foreign HE Systems, Taiwanese TVE System is a Special Higher Education System, and therefore Taiwanese TVE students cannot fully satisfy the industrial requirements. In Taiwan, the professional techniques and skills are organized to become the professional courses, but the training time is not enough to let students achieve the proficient level. Besides, the school training cannot satisfy the industrial requirements, and therefore it means students need the practical training in the cooperative industrial companies.

References

1. 李碧蓮（2013）【願景工程‧搶救人才】從德教育雙軌制 看台灣技職體系，壹電視，http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Me0BnzrcI40
2. 李碧蓮（2013）【願景工程‧搶救人才】澳技職教育 TAFE學徒帶薪學技術，壹電視，http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMeA7aVzRsY

What's the difference between Taiwanese and Foreign TVE Systems?

　　In the foreign countries, the Technological & Vocational Education (TVE) students just need to take few professional courses, and spend much time on the specific technical skills during their studying programs. In Taiwan, the TVE students begin to take the professional courses on the age of 15 years old, which is earlier than the Higher Education (HE) students on the age of 18 years old, and therefore most of the Taiwanese think the TVE students may own more professional knowledge about their majors. For example, in the bachelor stage, I take 186 professional credits with 128 general credits at NKIT & NTUST, but the HE students just take about 85 professional credits with 55 general credits. Actually, in the foreign counties, the students just take about 60 professional credits with 40 general credits in the bachelor stage. Because Taiwanese TVE students focus on the professional capabilities, their English capability is always weaker than the HE students. In the M.S. or Ph.D. program, whatever the student studies in the TVE or HE system, they must submit their thesis or dissertation for the University; hence, the only difference between the two systems may be the research directions of the TVE system are more practical. Besides, Taiwanese desire to study at the National schools, so that they don't care about which educational system they read for their degrees.

給技職生念的在職學、碩士學位

　　臺灣教育主政者的觀念錯誤之處，就是一直不願意把教育金費撥給技職體系，因為打從心底的觀念上就是認為，沒必要把錢花在不會念書的技職生身上。其實，要是技職體系的相關軟、硬體設備同比高教體系，然後鼓勵技職生以在職生身分半工半讀的完成學、碩士學位，想必臺灣的中階和基礎技術人員都將不匱乏。當逐年調高在職生的比例後，在職生的升學管道可以同一般生辦「聯考」。也就是說，技職體系每年有二次升學機會，第一次入學機會是一般生考試升學，第二次入學機會是在職生考試升學。同比高教體系有二次升學機會，技職教育的二次升學機會背後的意義特殊。

　　要求技職生不要升學是錯誤的觀念，即使在技職教育相當成功的德國教育制度下，也是將來無法取得大學錄取資格的人才會走上技職教育。此外，技職生要是有機會接受高等技職教育，對於個人專業知識的精進有益無害，而且在所謂的「補學歷」的觀念上，將可和一般大學畢業生平起平坐，並且「工作年資」從未因為選擇在職學、碩士而中斷。許多人對於在職學、碩士學位的觀念，似乎帶有貶低其價值和地位的想法。但是，本年臺清交成博士班的入學率，在許多系的錄取率都已達百分之百的前提下，加上臺灣的博士班向來是在職攻讀的模式，因而將可以同理觀點類推到學、碩士學位。

　　世界各國的技職教育和臺灣最大不同之處，在於都是以在校成績為依據的「單軌」升學架構，也就會衍生出升學受限下走向技職教育。但是，臺灣的高教體系和技職體系都是採考試升學，也就不會有升學受限的問題存在於學生的觀點，因而要走向哪一個教育體系將取決於升學率。高教體系的國立學校比較多，相較於技職體系念到國立學校的機會較大，因而國中畢業生走向高教體系的意願較高，此乃是背後真正的主要原因。若是降低高教體系名額轉為技職體系，並且讓高教和技職的比例仿國外比例，將可以提升高教體系的學術水準，但將會影響兩者的教育經費分配問題。如果臺灣的技職體系國立學校比較多，以念高教體系為目標的人數就會大幅下降。

　　臺灣的學位價值衍生至工作的觀點，關鍵在於「學習過程何時第一次中斷學習」。舉例來說，一口氣念到博士學位的人容易高不成低不就，但是念到學、碩士學位的人後補碩、博士學位，肇因於在社會上已佔工作缺額後為自我作「社會定位」，在來日補上更高的學位後並不會有自恃甚高的問題。若是臺灣的教育主政者可以鼓勵「高職生」在畢業後，就進行我所指的第一次中斷學習，之後再以在職生的身分補學、碩、博士學位，都將不會有高不成低不就的觀念。再者，讓許多臺灣的必須基礎關鍵技術，有後來透過補學位的高學歷技職體系人士把持著，那麼國家才會有技術不斷精進的機會。

　　其實，只要持有一定的專業技術能力，即使是沒有任何的學位或學歷背景，都有可能在社會上取得高薪。高教體系相較於技職體系的主要問題，在於高教體系學生只會操作軟體和文書作業，但是一個國家的人力資源結構不能僅限於此。然而，政府卻一再地擴大高教體系及其教育經費，反而因此而排擠到技職體系的生存問題。我認為政府應該正視技職教育，尤其是技職教育出身的人對於國家的貢獻。教育經費的高低決定了技職教育的發展，不是不斷地舉辦公聽會匯集各方意見，擬訂一套又一套的完善教育方案，然而卻在教育經費這個關卡上不放手，那麼臺灣的技職教育將無法因此可以有提升的機會。

Reference

1. 林珮萱（2013）向下扎根 適性輔導3階段打造技職新藍圖，遠見雜誌2013年6月刊，http://www.gvm.com.tw/Boardcontent_23425.html

新素食主義

　　父母離異已有一段時間，近來似乎退休無聊比較常在一起，說來是一件可喜可賀的事。不過，兩人異口同聲的都要我少吃肉，而且最好式可以吃點素或吃全素。經醫師診斷罹患高血壓第二期後，曾聽醫師提及減肥可以稍微降低血壓，於是使我開始思索著半葷半素的新飲食。我的工作三餐全由公司包辦，不論葷素便當皆可自由選擇，除了早餐是肉排吐司配豆漿外，其餘二餐都是以素食便當為主，偶爾是不含肉的類素食便當，例如：雞蛋的蛋黃被全素食者認為是葷食。我特別喜歡素魚肉和素火腿，而且相當習慣於素食的口味，或應該說公司找的便當店不錯，不論葷素便當都相當地美味可口。以食用全素食的人來說，會缺乏攝取葷食的部分營養，因而我鼓勵的新素食主義，將是以少吃肉近全素食的飲食模式。

About the 2nd TVE Reconstruction Plan II

　　Why doesn't Taiwan adopt the technician certificate system? The Government wants to protect the high school and Higher Education (HE) system students, and therefore the diploma becomes the only certificate and the bosses cannot know everybody's professional specialties. The TVE students are familiar with some professional skills, but the HE students just know how to do the software operations and office paper work. However, the HE students may not be able to do some jobs, but sometimes they can obtain the job offers by their diplomas. In Germany or Australia, more than 70% students are studying in the TVE system, and these people hold the primary technologies in their countries. If you ask me why Taiwan doesn't have its own technologies, I'll say Taiwanese Government doesn't place importance on the TVE & Certificate System. In Taiwanese competitive society, you may take the HE & TVE degrees at the same time, and therefore you won't be eliminated from the competition in the job market.

About the 2nd TVE Reconstruction Plan

　　I reviewed the data of a well-known U.S.A. laboratory for my job requirement recently, and I found most of the employees just hold the high school certificates, not the bachelor or master degrees. I am so surprise about it, but I think Taiwanese Education must be re-organized in the further years. After I studied The 2nd TVE Reconstruction Plan, I am glad to know some useful educational policies, updated the machines and equipment for example. Besides, the technician certificate system must be adopted in the real work, and the Legislative Yuan should establish the relative vocational laws to protect the working right of the basic labors.

Reference

1. 教育部（2013）第二期技職教育再造計畫（草案），教育部，http://www.edu.tw/userfiles/url/20130611141821/第二期技職教育再造計畫(草案)簡報0515.pdf

Why do the universities establish so many departments?

　　In the complex society, the people always work together on a project but doing different things, and therefore the universities must establish many departments according to the requirements of various industries. However, some majors may just need little manpower in the society, but universities may establish them for the reason why the educational fund is short of. In the supposition, the manpower of some fields may have an excess of human resource, Civil Engineering for example, and the salary must be lower and lower in the job market. Every university should reduce the students according to the same ratio, and therefore the manpower can satisfy the present job market; on the other hand, some departments may raise the students according to the same ratio. Besides, every department may have the different conditions for the graduation, and a student may spend 2.5~7 years completing a bachelor degree, not always 4 years. It's a reasonable educational system, and the companies can hire the different background graduates to execute the specific work.

Reference

1. 沈如峰（2013.06.13）嚴長壽：2/3科系不值得讀，中央通訊社，http://www.cna.com.tw/News/FirstNews/201306130047-1.aspx

什麼樣的司法案件無法偵查終結？II

　　司法人員在偵辦案件中犯案，為什麼多數都不願意認罪呢？許多人不幸得了睪丸癌或乳癌，卻仍在斟酌著睪丸和乳房的去留問題，也就失去了寶貴的第一時間醫學療程。簡單的說，就是要搞到自己都認為該判自己死刑時，才真真切切地體悟到要是早些時間認罪，也許根本不會有一些沒來由的戲碼。司法人員對於無法偵查終結的司法案件，走到盡頭不過就是使用殺人滅口的手法。不然，心態上就是採取拖延戰術來度日，反正政府不會終止支付薪水，也就日復一日的過一天是一天。若是司法人員不敢辦自己人，那麼普通罪犯將無法予以定罪，也無人願意再相信臺灣的司法。

國立和私立聽起來的感覺差很多

　　國立和私立聽起來的感覺差很多，我就以自身為由舉個實例來作說明，以便於眾人得以了解我的意思。如果我想要設立教育機構，根據臺灣教育法令規定必須冠上「私立」，於是乎全銜將是「私立黃慶民辦公室」。「私立」帶有強烈地貶低之意，要是以國立來改稱機構名稱，似乎整個感覺將會完全不一樣。怎麼辦到呢？我可以故意將內部財務搞成掏空狀態，然後放給政府去收購成公立機構，於是就變成了「國立黃慶民辦公室」。我認為公立教育機構可以冠稱「國立」，但是不能強迫私立教育機構冠稱「私立」。若是政府不再打壓私立機構，而且採取彈性變化的考試入學方式，並讓學費得以根據校務需求斟酌收取，想必私立機構將有能力和國立機構相互抗衡。

什麼樣的司法案件無法偵查終結？

　　臺灣無法偵查終結的司法案件，其共同特點就是案件拖延的時間往往超過一年。犯罪偵查的正常程序，始於立案調查後起訴，然而案件的偵查終結與否，卻是司法案件審理的一道關卡。臺灣的司法人員偵查方法，常有使自身陷入毒果樹的陰影，也就是司法人員本身即是利害關係人，更明白地說就是自己是被害人或加害人。偵查方法要陷入毒果樹的陰影，往往是透過違反《中華民國刑法》導致的結果，也就是司法人員應該被處以有期徒刑以上的刑罰。

　　偵查案件就偵查案件，為什麼要搞到自己去犯刑法？理由出乎意料之外的簡單，答案就是查不出個所以然來，然而已經花費的時間讓自己無法輕言放棄，也就是不願意接受偵查終結的結論是犯罪嫌移不足。在司法人員的司法從業生涯中，應該沒幾個人願意見到自己的履歷上有「空白」，白話地說就是浪費時間的偵查終結案件。於是，司法人員偵辦的方向一旦錯誤，便是沒有回頭機會般地要查到有罪為止。

　　本來司法人員是在查犯罪嫌疑人和A案件有關，查到後來硬是要牽扯上和B案件有些許瓜葛，非得搞出所謂的「案外案」或「節外生枝」的說法不可，好讓自己有個下台的好台階。也就是說，犯罪嫌疑人是否真和B案有關，已經不是司法人員偵辦案件的重點。臺灣對於檢警調的偵查程序，並沒有嚴格規範偵查方法，也沒有對於偵查條件作限制，偵查以自由心證的方式作解讀，將深刻地貽害臺灣人民的自由、安全及人權。

　　毒果樹問題的層面頗大，不僅限於檢警調三方人馬，甚至於連在偵查期間參與的法官，也可能陷入毒果樹的效應之中。怎麼說？在偵查期間所有的監視、監聽及搜索票，都必須要有法官署名才具有法律效力，也就是法官才是侵害犯罪嫌疑人的元凶。臺灣司法人員不論審檢體系，幾乎已經成了一種相互依賴的共犯結構，卻往往不自知自我早已身陷於毒果樹之中。此外，司法人員有普遍性輕視刑法的情形，往往將自我置身事外地逃避司法制裁，那麼又該如何以法律制裁普通罪犯呢？

臺灣的部落格多採匿名或筆名

　　臺灣的部落格和國外不同之處，應該算是部落格多採匿名或筆名。若不採用匿名或筆名方式撰寫，八成會被認為是個平日很閒的傢伙。很多事有種不吐不快，卻又畏於想講怕事，也就形成如此的特殊現象。但是，以匿名或筆名方式講話，容易形成不負責任的社會風氣。基本上，似乎有在寫部落格的人，都會擔心影響到自己的工作，因而部落格彷彿是一種負擔。我很擔心他人花太多時間搜尋我，因而我的《主席簡介》幾乎可以寫的全寫了，就怕他人浪費時間作無謂的人肉搜尋。

　　相對地，臺灣人對於非以言論為主的臉書，反倒是相當地支持和廣為運用，應該是一種遠距網路文化。之前，閱讀過一篇新聞報導，得知臉書在歐美被視為炫耀工具，無論是房子車子及飲食、妻子身材和長相、子女學業和健康、…等，就是要圖文並茂地讓友人知道自己的成就。我也有個臉書帳號，不過我非常早就發現，臉書是個炫耀工具，也就對此興趣缺缺。炫耀是人的本性之一，我也是個愛炫耀的人，但是我不想讓他人排斥，也就不以炫耀為其出發點。

　　部落格比較接近我的需求，甚而讓其具有類似於雜誌的功用，讓自己的寫作興趣可順便賺取些許生活費。不過，臺灣人對於部落格作者的觀念，似乎總得先查查是什麼背景來歷。我閱讀任何資料或文獻，並不限於非得以對方背景來歷為考量，而是作者所述是否確實言之有物值得參考。事實上，有些作者寫過的文章不過數篇，撰寫文章的成熟度尚且不足，但是往往言之鑿鑿有其魅力，令人非得全文看完不可。臺灣人對於部落格作者應秉持寬容態度，想必部落格作者也將不再需要講話畏頭畏尾。

螺帽和板手

　　在我剛進臺科大念二技的那年（2000），就曾聽到學校的學生提過校徽的意義。臺科大舉辦2013年畢業典禮，以板手作為贈與畢業生的禮物，卻見到網友將其貶低為汽車維修員，有感而發地想讓眾人知道板手的意義。臺科大的校徽是雙手捧著一顆六角螺帽，其背後的意義是在表示推崇技術的意思。有螺帽無板手，將不能鎖固螺帽，因而板手是不可或缺的工具。機械使用板手，其板手多為開口板手或梅花板手；營建也使用板手，其板手為扭力板手。不是每個系都會用到板手，螺帽和板手僅是標榜技術的精神。學校以板手為禮物贈送畢業生，符合近年講究創意的精神，也是畢業生應該邁向的道路。

References

1. 許秩維（2013.06.08）台科大畢典贈板手 勉務實實作，中央通訊社，http://tw.news.yahoo.com/台科大畢典贈板手-勉務實實作-圖-065305423.html
2. Wikipedia, Nut (hardware), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nut_(hardware)
3. Wikipedia, Wrench, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrench
4. Wikipedia, Torque wrench, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_wrench

永遠也不會準備好

　　我見過許多人事物的一再拖延，其主事者的理由總是「我還沒準備好」。事實上，一再地被提及相同的事物，卻始終是嘴上掛著還沒準備好。與其說沒準備好，不如說永遠也不會準備好。有道是計畫趕不上變化，處於隨時都是準備好的狀態，才是因應人事物變化的處世之道。一句藉口式的推託之詞，反映出優柔寡斷的懦弱本質，卻是許多人不敢面對現實的共同通病。

The social freshmen who were born in 1990s

　　Taiwanese salary is lower and lower to produce many new social problems, so that the social freshmen who were born in 1990s do not want to stay in Taiwan. The bachelor degree is more and more un-valuable in Taiwan, and the man, who holds this level degree, won't devote himself to many fundamental jobs. The master degree has become the former bachelor degree, and therefore students may stay in the universities for one more year to prepare the entrance examinations of master program.

　　It's a general case in the present educational environment, and universities intend to deal with such kind of problem. If most of the social freshmen work in the foreign countries, Taiwan will meet the insufficient manpower and must import more and more medium level foreign labors. After the medium level foreign labors control the job market, the social freshmen who were born in 1990s may not be able to come back to find a suitable job in Taiwan.

　　Which countries? These countries may be Tailand, the Philippines, and the mainland China. Please don't think the foreign labors are the low level labors, but they may hold a bachelor or master degree in engineering or commerce. If Taiwan doesn't import more foreign labors, Taiwanese inner job market may be unbalance to produce the low GDP result. What should the Government do for the social freshmen who were born in 1990s? The Government must improve Taiwanese salary, or nobody wants to stay in Taiwan to earn less money.

Reference

1. 林惠琴（2013.06.07）八年級求工作生活平衡　不接受服從權威紀律，卡優新聞網，http://www.cardu.com.tw/news/detail.php?nt_pk=28&ns_pk=19531

Global Perspectives

　　I had ever discussed about the global perspectives, and the same problem of every body is the comprehensive reading, not the English capability. Actually, my perspectives just focus on the Asian problems, but sometimes I may provide some concepts of the United States & Europe. Most people may think the so-called global perspectives mean the solving ideas of the political & economic issues. The logic is absolutely wrong, but the global perspectives should consider the people's mind. Thinking is the primary key point in the global perspectives, and therefore it may be the most important matter to understand the history of every country. If you know the thinking of every country, you can predict the actions of every country. In the supposition, you can distinguish which action should be the best, and therefore the so-called global perspectives are just the comparisons among a numerous countries which you understand.

References

1. C. M. Huang（2011.08.29）如何培養國際觀？，Ching-Min Huang Office，http://cmhuangoffice.blogspot.com/2011/08/blog-post_9272.html
2. 林福來（2013.06.07）長榮開講蔡英文勉學生強化國際觀，臺灣時報，http://www.twtimes.com.tw/index.php?page=news&nid=334765

About the Restricted Distribution of Electric Power in the North Taiwan VIII

　　In the NPP IV problem, Taiwanese people have lost the trust for the Government, and therefore the most important matter is to regain the trust of Taiwanese people. If the time is enough for engineers, any problem can be solved step by step. The Taipower can spend 3~8 years improving the problems of machine security, but nobody can say the NPP IV whose building cost is NTD 290B must be given up by an election. If necessary, Taiwanese people can provide much time to improve the NPP IV for the Taipower.

To knowingly violate the law

　　It's often seen to knowingly violate the law in Taiwan, and nobody can deal with such kind of public officials to regain his own legal rights. Actually, nobody wants to help the other persons to lead to his personal damage in Taiwanese society, and therefore the public officials who violated the law are always scot-free. To knowingly violate the law is a serious issue in Taiwan, and the civilians cannot still gaze at without seeing to form the world in disorder.

Taiwanese TVE meets a Big Problem

　　I care about Taiwanese Technical & Vocational Education (TVE) recently, and the present problem is the students' intentions; after the 12 years National Education are adopted by the Ministry of Education (MOE), most of the junior high school student may focus on the entrance of the senior high school, not the senior vocational senior high school. The tuition will be free in the senior high school, and the entrance of the University which is compared with the Technical University is easier to be obtained by the students. Besides, the MOE doesn't provide enough funds for the development of the TVE, and therefore the machines, equipments and software are the former or older types which are not suitable to be practiced by the TVE students. Actually, the TVE students should practice their capabilities, but more and more students are changing their mind to pursue the higher degrees.

　　The entrance opportunity of the advanced education, including the University and Technical University, should reduce the ratio according to the population, and the Technical University may provide more different kinds of training programs for the students to cultivate the various Professional Technicians & Engineers. To practice the operation of machines should be an important matter for the profession of mechanical engineering, but the other professions may focus on the software, communication, paper work, …, and so on, for examples. In fact, most Taiwanese may focus on mechanical engineering (ME) & electrical engineering (EE), but the TVE is not just the two kinds of professions which may be the so-called high technology fields. In civil engineering, the man who holds a BSCE may just need to understand how to operate the survey machines, including the Theodolite & Level, but the man who just holds a CE diploma of the vocational senior high school must learn the fundamental techniques about the rebar, formwork, and concrete.

　　If nobody wants to do the fundamental work, Taiwan may import more foreign labors and maintain the present 100% entrance opportunity. Because the foreign labors are sure to produce the impact, the educational problem may become an economic issue. How can Taiwan change the present educational environment? Please change the values, and the Government should build the specialization for every job. Besides, the entrance examination may take the more practical problems, and everyone has the fair opportunity to get into the University or Technical University by the entrance examination. In the various TVE program, the characteristic of the ME & EE is the requirement of machine operation, but every department should have the different training courses to cultivate the necessary manpower. What are the key points? There are 5 key points, including the entrance opportunity, the fair opportunity to get the entrance by the entrance examination, the various training programs, the values, and the specialization for every job.

References

1. 高宜凡、柯曉翔（2013）技職老師很認真─激發學生熱情與天賦，2013年6月號《遠見雜誌》，http://www.gvm.com.tw/Boardcontent_23250.html
2. 林珮萱、柯曉翔（2013）技職校長都很拚─拚學生的前途，2013年6月號《遠見雜誌》，http://www.gvm.com.tw/Boardcontent_23249.html
3. 高宜凡（2013）百萬技職生大翻身，2013年6月號《遠見雜誌》，http://www.gvm.com.tw/Boardcontent_23225.html

經濟學不是實證科學

　　在近現代的經濟學家來說，曾踏入社會從事過中、低階勞動生產經驗者，其理念多數比較接近凱因斯學說，有著卡爾‧馬克思提及的社會主義觀點。有中、低階勞動生產經驗者，不難發現市井小民的觀點，多有冀望於仰賴群體的協助，而支持此一立場的根本正是社會主義。然而，勞動生產的剝削模式，在英國工業革命後，已經有了相當程度的改變。若是再往前找尋公司的經營思維，不難發現曾經擁有特許權的組織，可說是不同於十八、十九世紀的思想。封建時代的市場和貿易，同比今日有些雷同有些不同，經濟學要以科學解釋有其困難。為什麼？價值觀、制度、社會結構、階級觀念、主觀意識、被動邏輯及集體概念，是導致經濟學無恆一性的背後真正主因，此乃是經濟學在不同時代不同國家會有不同解釋的要素。因此，經濟學有些是有恆常的解釋，但是多數觀點是有地域性和時代性。經濟學不是實證科學已不足以構成爭論的議題，而是應該適切地去探討什麼局勢可以落實某種政策，而究竟是什麼局勢不可以落實某種政策。

Reference

1. 丁長清（1999）中國古代市場與貿易，臺灣商務印書館。

Unpremeditated Crime of the Medical Behaviors in Taiwan

　　In Taiwan, there are fewer and fewer medical students, who choose the Internal Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Emergency Medicine, especially the Obstetrics & Gynecology, and the fact behind the problem is the unpremeditated crime of the medical behaviors. As everyone knows, the patient has the right to choose which one treats his or her disease freely, and therefore the doctor shouldn't be committed intentionally unfavorable for a patient.

　　In the supposition, the doctor who commits a crime depends on whether he or she commits negligently or not, and the medical knowledge and experiences are the most important elements to exercise his duty of care that he should and could have exercised in the circumstances. Once a doctor doesn't have enough medical knowledge and experiences, he or she whose age is less than 40 years old usually may make a mistake to meet the criminal action committed by the patient.

　　If possible, the lawyers may provide a different thinking which follows the civil action style of the foreign countries. Before the lawyer wins a civil action, please don't charge the fees for the patient to change the intention from the criminal action to the civil action. Hence, the doctor who is accused by the patient may avoid prison, and he or she just needs to pay the damages which may be paid by the insurance companies. To distribute the risk is a new concept in Taiwan, so that most of the doctors do not insure the medical responsibility.

　　According to the non-formal statistical data, the salary of a doctor should be more than NTD 150K which he or she can insure the medical responsibility, and one day the damages can be paid by the insurance companies, not the doctor. Of course, the insurance premium depends on the medical responsibility of the doctor's profession. To sign the letter of authorization is also a possible approach to avoid prison, but the doctor may commit negligently and should pay the damages for the patient actually; it's unfair for the patient to sign the letter of authorization, and therefore the doctor shouldn't shirt his or her responsibility.


References

1. 林思宇（2013.05.19）怕醫療糾紛…選到婦產科 醫學生痛哭，聯合報，http://udn.com/NEWS/HEALTH/HEA1/7906903.shtml
2. 燕珍宜（2011.11.03）醫療糾紛不斷 台灣醫生「犯罪率」世界第一，今周刊第776期，http://mag.chinatimes.com/mag-cnt.aspx?artid=10752&page=1
3. Ipadrules（2010.04.16）台灣醫師薪水，iphoner 的部落格，http://blog.udn.com/iphoner/3947881

识图老马

　　踏入社会九年来，在结构设计和土木施工阶段，都曾经被纠正过观念错误的问题。我发现土木工程有四种结构物，在标准结构图的表示方式中，有不同于学校所学之处。在此所指的「结构图」，专指设计单位经结构设计后要交付的结构断面图，或者土木施工获取自设计单位据以施作的结构断面图。我指的四种特有的土木工程结构物，包括：①沟渠结构；②大坝结构；③挡土墙结构；④悬臂式结构。①②指排水沟、渠道及水坝之类的水工结构，③是指山坡地或道路开挖的挡土结构，④的范围较广而无限制是土木工程或建筑工程。假设在摊开结构图后，图面水平方向是X轴，图面垂直方向是Y轴，出图面方向是Z轴。那么，这四种结构共同的特性，就是结构荷载是Mz而非Mx或My。因而，在RC梁、柱结构图被称为箍筋的钢筋，在此因用于承担主要的结构荷载Mz而被称为「主筋」；在RC梁、柱结构图被称为主筋的钢筋，在此因用于结构腹部承担次要的结构荷载My被称为「腹筋」。若是确实清楚结构图，不仅可以沟通无碍，在结构设计和土木施工，想必都可以顺遂而行。否则，此一错误的观念一旦被执行，可以想见后果将是不堪设想的严重。

宪法、工人及劳动阶级

　　工人是社会上最低阶和人数最多的工作，也许卡尔‧马克思有意拉拢工人的支持，以同理心获得更为广大的人民的支持度，以致于在马克思主义的理论是建构于工人领导的逻辑。劳动阶级是一个相当广泛的用词，我仅就工地现场的基础劳动阶级，提出一些我在台湾见到的劳动阶级特有现象。工地现场的工种很多，每种工种都有一定的工率，也就是指施工的速率而言。物料不足就得根据现场可堆置空间大小，预先叫料以备各工种都能保持在持续工作状态。例如：钢筋、模板、水泥、砂、…等，叫料后要考虑堆置地点，以及一次要叫料多少数量，过多会有在现场锈蚀、潮解、…等问题，过少导致车次较多会多花单次出车的运输费。因此，物料数量经常是要和工头确认，过多过少都是不当的结果。

　　工序涉及个人工程经验，完全仰赖工程影片或工程照片，对于未拍摄到的地方就会不清楚「细节」。因此，土木工程是个相当仰赖经验的行业，往往是没有亲眼见过可能就会有不清楚的情形。以下，根据一般工序作举例，例如：①经高级蓝领阶级对尺寸和和预留开口测量放样；②模板工进场施作支撑钢管或重型支撑架（专指版单元）；③模板工进场把底模块立完成（专指版单元）；④钢筋工进场绑扎下层钢筋（专指版单元）；⑤水电工进场施作管路配置作业；⑥钢筋工再次进场绑扎侧向（和上层）钢筋；⑦模板工再次进场施作侧模、开口模板、其他模板及埋设施工缝橡胶止水带；⑧混凝土工进场施作浇置灌浆作业；⑧翌日由模板工进场拆施工缝模板；⑨模板工根据混凝土种类为普通、早强、加缓凝剂、加飞灰或炉石、…等之差异调整拆模时间；⑩重复施作下一楼层或下一单元。或许是简单的施工过程，却得数个工种轮番上阵完成，可见对于工序的了解相当地重要，而工种的进场时间和动用的工种人数，就得根据工程进度去协调和沟通。

　　《中华人民共和国宪法（２００４）》第一条提到「中华人民共和国是工人阶级领导」，但是似乎没有一个领导是真正当过「工人」。台湾的工人薪资很高，但若有机会选择不当工人，应该没有人会想当工人。在土木业界高级蓝领阶级，要想管理的住土木各工种的工人，并不是真的去做工人的工作，而是让工人知道你懂他的工作，以及顺便学习层级较高的工人工作，例如：吊车、堆高机、怪手、山猫、…等，简单的说就是不用晒太阳的工作。此外，工地现场向来是晴天施工雨天抓漏，也有部分高级蓝领阶级懂抓漏的技巧，但并非人人都掌握抓水路的方法，因而多是从旁协助指出漏水区域。很多人都会以为工人就是要搬很重的物料，其实工地物料几乎全部都是用吊车和堆高机搬运，工人从事的工作内容都是技术性工作，之所以会流汗主要是晒到太阳，其次是使用撬杠、板手、电钻、乙氧炔、电焊、…等，而不是劳动工作真的会累到全身没力。

　　若能证明自我确实有能力，可以在马克思主义阶级文化中，担任高级蓝领阶级的工作，其实工人并不会排斥高级蓝领阶级。但是，若是刻意强调领导阶级是工人，反而会让人认为是不合乎真实的说法。也就是说，虽然世界是虚伪的表象，但是工人其实都了解此一事实，刻意掩饰会导致欲盖弥彰的相反结果。即便我是马克思主义的支持者，但是对于无产阶级的观念不同于卡尔．马克思，此乃是我认为马克思主义应该被修正的地方。在学校时，我曾使用过手动弯筋器，可以把钢筋弯出标准尺寸；在工地时，我拿过老鼠窝以铁丝固定钢筋，不过施作的水平太差；在工地时，我拿过铁锤钉过模板，发现模板抓不稳会产生很大的震动。会就说会，不会就说不会。高级技术蓝领阶级是可以受到工人尊重，不需要刻意以虚伪的言词来欺骗工人。《中华人民共和国宪法（２００４）》第一条应该修法，以符合工人阶级不是领导阶级的现况；自１９８２年第四部宪法以后的几任国家领导人，几乎都是属于高级蓝领阶级的「工程师」背景，因而可以认定工程师是领导阶级无疑，有待修宪以符合真实世界的环境。

Japanese English with 7,000 Vocabularies

　　As far as I know, many Taiwanese intend to learn my English writing style, but they don't have the book to study English. Actually, English grammars at least have more than 1,000 rules, but nobody wants to understand every grammar rule. In many countries, the people take some LOCAL English grammar rules, and the other countries cannot understand their meanings, Singlish and Chinglish, for examples. I choose a Japanese English Grammar book with 595 grammar rules, and I memorize the most important 7,000 vocabularies which are the same as the medium school level requirements in Taiwan. In fact, the students of American elementary schools must memorize 7,000 vocabularies, and they are the same as the Taiwanese medium school level requirements. However, I study an English-English dictionary for the 7,000 vocabularies recently, and I can adopt the English vocabularies more accurate in the future. Besides, because my bachelor and master degrees are Construction Engineering and Civil Engineering, and therefore I must memorize some professional vocabularies in the two fields. Although this English grammar book has 595 grammar rules, I just choose about 350 English grammar rules as my own writing style. If you are interested in English, you'll find the Chinese version of this book in Taiwanese book stores.

Would you originally desire to buy the Bitcoins?

　　My classmate talked me the Bitcoins, and I discussed with him yesterday. He bought two low class computers with the very good GPUs, and he had spent more than one month on digging the Bitcoins. He has spent NTD 9,200 on the power rate, and he has earned more than 2.56 Bitcoins. The current exchange rate is USD 118.4 on May 11, 2013, and it equals to NTD 3528.32; according to the power rate of my classmate, his cost is about NTD 3593.75. What's the game? Before you understand what it is, please answer a question firstly - "Would you originally desire to buy the Bitcoins?"

　　Nobody wants to buy the Bitcoins originally, and it means you spend money on buying the Bitcoins directly. If you spend money on buying the computers and digging the Bitcoins with the other persons, you'll spend money of the power rate on buying or digging the Bitcoins. The so-called digging behavior is to let you desire to buy the Bitcoins, why? You are willing to spend the money of the power rate, but you don't want to spend your cash on buying the Bitcoins. This idea is like the Credit Card, and therefore you use the electric power and pay it later. After you spend more and more, you must earn all of them which are just like the gambling.

　　In the real world, when you dig the gold, you can get the real gold. I mean you spend much money, but you can get the real gold which is an important material in industry. Compared with the gold, you spend much money of the power rate, but you just can get the electromagnetic data which is not valuable at all. Even if nobody wants to buy the gold, it also can be as one kind of stone perhaps. However, if nobody wants to buy the Bitcoins, it means all of the diggers waste the enormous natural resources including the computers, electric power, and etc. The natural resources will disappear, and the diggers must waste much money and time on this behavior.

References

1. Wikipedia, Bitcoin, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin
2. Simple Bitcoin Converter, http://preev.com/

Untrue Feeling

　　I went to Taipei to attend the interview yesterday, and I thought this was a good job for me. However, my future English reports must be revised by the Singaporean, but I really don't like the Singlish writing style in fact. Perhaps English workers are cheaper in Singapore, and therefore this foreign company chooses the Singaporean as the revisers. After I completed this interview, I went to the company of my classmate, and I got an interview phone call in English from another foreign company. Actually, it's a global HR company in Taiwan, and I have the chance to work in the foreign transportation company. Besides, I checked my CV with another company, and I seem to have the chance to get an interview. So far so good, but I have the untrue feeling. After two weeks later, I must get a new job then, and I'll finish the course of Quality Management Engineer.

Risk Analysis of Salary

　　I get a job interview which a foreign company contacts me directly, and it's about the risk analysis of construction and civil engineering projects. In the past years, once I obtained the salary more than NTD 46,000, I would be pushed out from my company by the colleagues. Most Taiwanese bosses can provide a high pay for you if you are able to solve a specific problem for them. However, after you finish this project, you will be disbanded by them for maintaining the colleagues' agreeableness. In Taiwanese social culture, you cannot earn too much, or you'll lose your job very soon. Besides, the lower pay cannot maintain a stable team, and therefore most Taiwanese companies have higher floating ratios. As far as I know, in Taiwan, every colleague must agree the salary of the new colleague, or someone who may envy him is possible to leave the team to the other company. How do you analyze the risk of salary?

Hoklo, Dressing & Nurse

　　Hoklo is a native language, but most Taiwanese think it's a low class language, especially the people who are familiar with Hoklo. One day, Hoklo may disappear in Taiwan, and Mandarin is going to replace its position. Dressing of the shorts is another low class problem, but the weather is very hot recently. My mother caught a cold last Saturday, and the situation was quite serious to lead to pneumonia. Actually, I caught a cold, Type A, a week ago, and she was contagious from me. My mother needed to stay in hospital, and she requested my family to accompany her by turns. As everyone knows, I am very familiar with the spy techniques to listen to the nurses' words. It's not the positive news for my family, especially for me. Of course, most of they might be right, and it's true that I was slovenly. I thought I could not sleep in hospital one more day, and consequently I told my mother I wouldn't go to accompany her. She had returned to normal, and she left the hospital this morning by the Doctor's agreement. Nurse is just a job; of course, Doctor is just a job, too. What's my point? Perhaps I cannot urinate by myself one day, and my penis is very short, 2.5cm, which is very hard to be assisted by nurse. There are few male nurses, but this problem is still in the existence.

Reference

1. Wikipedia, Pneumonia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia

English Dictionary

　　I cannot raise my English capability any more, and I have understood the reason why it is. I don't have a job recently, and therefore I almost study at the Global Village every day. The teachers always take the similar words or English sentences to describe a new word, and I think it is a easy way to understand the new word for me. By the reason, I think I need an English-English dictionary, especially using the simple words to describe every word. In my home, I have one, but it's not mine. Actually, this dictionary was awarded at the University graduation ceremony of my younger brother, but I could let it become mine which I had ever asked my brother in fact. I still take the 7,000 words as all of my vocabulary, but I can use them in my articles more accurate. Which dictionary is the best? I think any one may be the best, and you just need to choose a dictionary which adopts the simple vocabulary to describe every word.

Hypertension

May 1, 2013

　　I know I have the Stage 2 hypertension today, and therefore I cannot eat many foods. Besides, I must stop donating the blood, and my final record should be 64 times, 16,000 c.c., in Taiwan. Actually, I had ever donated the blood in China, and my record was 2 times, 400 c.c. My medicine is an Amlodipine every day.

---

May 13, 2013

　　On May 11, 2013, I went to see the Doctor to take the medicine for colds, and he told me that the blood pressure may lower if I reduce my weight. Once I cannot reduce my weight, he may increase the medicines to control the blood pressure. I went to see the psychiatrist this afternoon, and I told her I got the Stage 2 Hypertension. However, she seemed to question my words, and therefore she requested the nurse to measure my blood pressure. The systolic pressure was 150mmHg, and the diastolic pressure was 110mmHg. I told her that I take an Amlodipine every day, but the present classification is still Stage 1 Hypertension. I also told her that the blood pressure may lower if I reduce my weigh, and she agreed it and suggested me that I should follow the doctor's medical treatment. Hence, I have to reduce my weight from the present 89kg to the 66kg weight in 2004, or I may eat more and more Hypertension medicines. Besides, she said I still can donate blood even if I take an Amlodipine every day, and two female psychiatrists who sat in the consulting room near her seat also agreed that I can continue donating blood. I think I must ask the nurses of blood donation, and therefore I am clear about whether I am able to donate blood or not.

June 20, 2013

　　I have a rest tomorrow, and I go to see my doctor tonight; he adds a new medicine, Doxazosin, to treat my hypertension.

References

1. Wikipedia, Hypertension, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension
2. Wikipedia, Amlodipine, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amlodipine
3. Wikipedia, Doxazosin, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxazosin

廉政署是否有作用？

　　若不是讀了一篇有關於廉政署的新聞，真不知道臺灣有廉政署這個機構在運作。說起廉政署這個機構名詞，不禁讓我想起香港電影劇情，提及送禮似乎都是有目的性，絕對不會是空穴來風的給個禮品。舉例來說，除法官簽署搜索票以外（刑訴128III），臺灣禁止檢警私闖民宅，亦或是在民宅內安裝竊聽器。電話監聽是家常便飯，聽著聽著都快變成竊聽署了，似乎除了竊聽以外別無他法。事實上，憑藉網路的管道偵查，亦可為廉政署提供相關的有利資料。此外，習慣調查是辦案的基本專業知識，所以廉政署還需要掌握被調查人的生活習慣，以便於後續的相關調查、分析及背景剖析。

　　若要監聽在家內的講話內容，除了送出像天球瓶這種高貴的客廳擺設物品外，還真是沒有第二種手法可以不入內卻得以竊聽。天球瓶可以釣魚線手法，讓竊聽器貼附在瓶內弧口上緣，除打破天球瓶外可說是難以取得竊聽器。在送出隨身碟前，僅需要求廠商在隨身碟晶片上燒入Backdoor和Sniffer，就可以自動發送訊號和等待擷取帳號密碼，而且隨身碟內的病毒永遠也殺不掉。要是得從裝Sniffer做起，網路偵查漫無目標可真是一大工程，可以想見送隨身碟是多麼容易的小差事。悠遊卡不僅可以提供搭乘臺北捷運，尚可以具有現金卡功能購買便利商店的商品，將對於廉政署的個人習慣調查有相當大的助益。廉政署要調閱悠遊卡消費記錄，就如同要向電信公司調閱通聯記錄般，應該是相當容易和經常辦理的工作項目之一。

　　從送禮項目展開三個觀點的剖析後，發現廉政署可能有調查收禮人的動機存在。事實上，任何一個收禮人莫名其妙的收到廉政署的禮品，多少都會在心裡產生一些疙瘩，有可能將禮品以其他名義轉送出去。不過，天球瓶確實是高貴的象徵，這個倒不是人人都願意送出去。此外，近幾年的RFID技術先進，有可能禮品都有被植入RFID的可能性，是相當有可能被採用的高科技技術。當然，除了以上被廉政署送出的禮品外，尚有可能有送出電子商品的可能性，那麼裝設GPS發射器的機率將大幅提高，屆時不僅僅是竊聽連位置都可以瞭若指掌。廉政署是否有存在的功用性，端視其行動背後的目的是否存在，不可以偏概全地認為送禮就是在利己。

References

1. 楊宗興（2013.04.29）不務正業勤送禮 台聯批：廉政署不如解散，新頭殼newtalk，http://newtalk.tw/news/2013/04/29/35968.html
2. 立法院（2011.04.20）法務部廉政署組織法，立法院，全國法規資料庫
3. 立法院（2011.07.06）法務部廉政署處務規程，立法院，全國法規資料庫
4. Wikipedia, Packet analyzer, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_analyzer
5. Wikipedia, Backdoor (computing), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backdoor_(computing)
6. Wikipedia, Radio-frequency identification, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rfid
7. Wikipedia, Global Positioning System, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gps

斷然處置的關鍵在終止鏈式反應

　　核能發電的原理是鏈式反應，和核子彈引爆方式差異性不大。若是斷然處置涵蓋終止鏈式反應，那麼核電廠確實可以說關廠就關廠。核電廠的發電過程中，並「不是引火點燃」的方式讓燃料棒引燃，然後像是煮開水一般地去讓蒸氣推動發電機。倘若要終止燃料棒的鏈式反應，必須移開燃料棒的群聚狀態，以避免鏈式反應的持續性發生。臺電的斷然處置重點擺在降溫，以現狀來說確實無法說關廠就關廠，應該考量到如何終止鏈式反應。

Reference

1. 林禾寧（2013.04.28）若核電廠出事 學者：無法說關就關，新頭殼newtalk，http://newtalk.tw/news/2013/04/28/35939.html

Give up Some Subjects

　　The trend of United Examinations is toward reducing more and more subjects whatever students study in the junior or senior high school level. The future Students are very similar to the concept of Technological and Vocational Education (TVE), and most students are just familiar with the subjects which they choose in the United Examinations. Both of Chinese and English are the necessary subjects, and the others are optional subjects, Physics and Chemistry for the 2nd Group, Geography and History for the 1st Group, for examples. Mathematics is not a necessary subject for some Departments, but the 2nd Group must choose it to apply for a Department.

　　It's good news that the Ministry of Education (MOE) approves the value of TVE, and the similar concept has been applied on the National Public Education of 12 years (NPE12). However, students will give up some subjects consequently, and this behavior CANNOT conform to the concept of Higher Education to complete the full NPE12. The MOE is going to finish the NPE9 policy, but many junior high school students cannot focus on the school program of the 6th semester. Besides, the senior high school students also have the same problem, and many teachers have expressed their voices which they intent to change the present situations.

　　The student quality must be lower than before, and it will affect the professional learning capability of higher education. This is not only an educational problem, but also a national competitiveness problem. To apply for admission to a school is still a feasible way, but both of the School Report and United Examination Report are NOT necessary documents. Universities cannot adopt any report as the document to apply for admission, and this is a fair competition for students to obtain a suitable admission which may be a specific Department. Think about Taiwanese National Competitiveness in the future.

Reference

1. 張益勤（2013.04.24）基北特招　郝：避免衝擊、減少考科，國立教育廣播電台，http://www.ner.gov.tw/index.php?act=culnews&code=view&ids=148798

Mathematics Non-Selective Question 2 of 2013 Taiwanese CAP

　　My younger cousin has to take the Comprehensive Assessment Program for Junior High School Students (CAP), which is the so-called United Examination in Chinese, and consequentially I pay more attentions on the relative news about this examination. I knew the non-selective questions of mathematics are very difficult from the newspaper, and I couldn't find the reference answer about them on the website of the entrance examination. The 1st question is very simple, and examinees just need to calculate the boundary and space to find the answer. The 2nd question is a proof question of geometry, which I liked it and chose Computational Geometry as the topic as my master thesis especially, so that I intent to solve it as a reference for examinees.


　　How do examinees think about it? All of the given proof conditions can be thought about the answer by the reverse logic, and consequently examinees just need to choose the reverse order of the given proof conditions. The target answer is △CDE = △ABC / 2, and therefore |CM = |MB, which is △CMA = △AMB, can be adopted as the 1st given condition. The next adopted given condition may choose |AE // |DM, so that the given condition lets △EDM and △ADM have the same perpendicular height to obtain △EDM = △ADM. Combined the 1st derived equation with the 2nd derived equation, the intersectional area △CDM is the same area for △CMA and △CDE to build the relationship between the two derived equations. That's all, and you can make it.

References

1. 國立臺灣師範大學心理與教育測驗研究發展中心（2013）國中教育會考，http://cap.ntnu.edu.tw/
2. 林曉雲（2013.04.20）《國中會考》數學非選題超難 51%考生抱鴨蛋，自由時報，http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2013/new/apr/20/today-life7.htm
3. C. M. Huang（2004）Delaunay triangulation for quality assessment in two dimensions and Sliver investigation in three dimensions, Supervisor: C. S. Chen, Master Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
4. Wikipedia, Computational geometry, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_geometry

Students should join at least one University association

　　In Taiwan, many university students always pay their attentions on the school courses, and ignore the importance of the university associations. Of course, the school courses are the most important matter for students, especially the effect of the future job which depends on the personal capability. However, everyone has the same 24 hours one day, and the key point is how to organize the time schedule. There are three different kinds of situations: 1. The school courses can get 95 points (A+), but the school association is 0 point (F); 2. The school courses can get 75 points (B+), but the school association is 75 points (B+); 3. The school courses can get 59 points (F), but the school association is 95 points (A+). As everyone knows, the best one is the 2nd choice, and the school association may bring students some capabilities about negotiation, leadership, cooperation, and organization.

新疆和西藏的行政自治

　　新疆是维吾尔族自治区，但是其行政统治阶级的组成，不完全是维吾尔族人掌控。近年，沿海地区的汉人大举进入新疆开发，却又忽视其行政统治阶级的自主性，以致于会令维吾尔族人感到被刻意汉化，必然会有强烈地排外思想的形成。西藏是欲以宗教行使行政统治的自治区，除行政统治阶级有类似于新疆的问题外，中国大陆中央政权对于有较为强制性的控制，其近年常有的自焚反抗并非雷同于新疆的汉化问题。

　　若是新疆和西藏给予完全自治的权力，下一个问题将是能否给予设置军队的权力？在二十一世纪的现代，要独立建国为一个有主权的国家，从条件上来说不如以往农业社会的容易。德国的政治经济学家马克斯‧韦伯，将国家定义为「拥有合法使用暴力的垄断地位」的实体。严格来说，国家的主权关键就在于军队（和司法）的设置，批准军队的设置就是同意成为独立国家。但是，国家的独立生存和运作的能力，才是一个国家能否真正建立的关键要素。

　　自十八世纪英国工业革命以来，国家的观念已经逐渐转变为经济能力的独立性，而并非完全立足于军队和司法的建立。中国大陆的沿海省份的经济能力强，但是全部都是属于汉人居住的省份，而且铁、锡、煤、…等矿产呈现散布情形，任何一个省份要独立运作的可能性相当低。反观台湾的现况，拥有军队、司法及经济的独立性，但是军队的武装战备能力日益趋弱，而司法不公正的情形常屡见不鲜，以及经济左倾不能自主的问题也早已为人所知，台湾独立能否成真将是个变数。

　　新疆和西藏的独立问题，取决于中国大陆中央政权的强制性干预，以及对于汉化过于迅速因而衍生的结果。在是否给予设置军队的权力上，应该反问新疆和西藏是否在给予高度完全自治下，认为自我确实有能力在建国后独立运作呢？若是将相当多经费用于军队设置，反而会导致新疆和西藏的其他经济建设经费短缺，诚言之是一种完全没有必要的举动。在新疆和西藏原省籍教育不如沿海普及下，可能必须进用沿海省份技术职公务员（汉人），以避免技术职缺匮乏影响经济发展。

Reference

1. Wikipedia, Max Weber, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber

中国大陆2012年版刑诉法有提高司法人权

　　近年，中国大陆在各方面的发展迅速，也为符合国际上对于人权的要求，因而翻修刑诉法条文内容和项次相当地频繁，其2012年版的翻修项次高达111项可见一般。在刑诉法第四章的辩护与代理中，有着比较长远的司法人权提高和进步。经百日的落实后，会见权整体有改观，但是操作程序不统一；阅卷权有很大进步，但是仍有限制；取证权比较顺利，但是缺乏保障措施（王比学，2013.04.10）。

　　在会见权的落实上，辩护律师持律师执业证书、律师事务所证明和委托书或者法律援助公函要求会见在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的，看守所应当及时安排会见，至迟不得超过四十八小时（刑诉37II）。客观而论，条文内容并没有模糊不清的地方，之所以操作程序会不统一的主因，应该是律师行使会见权无需侦查机关的同意，以致于看守所唯恐有湮灭证据或串供的情形，才会有刻意增加其他非法律限定的程序，以限制律师会见权的正常行使。

　　台湾刑诉34I对于会见权的规定，乃是非有事证足认其有湮灭、伪造、变造证据或勾串共犯或证人者，不得限制之。因而，台湾对于会见权的行使，是有其条件性的限制。当然，在刑诉37III有限定应当侦查机关许可的条件，包括危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪及特别重大贿赂犯罪案件。然而，台湾常有涉及中国大陆刑诉37III以外的罪名，却被法院裁定「收押禁见」（台湾刑诉101I、101II、34I），致使律师的会见权遭到禁止，相当值得全国人民代表大会斟酌考虑。

　　在阅卷权的落实上，辩护律师自人民检察院对案件审查起诉之日起，可以查阅、摘抄、复制本案的案卷材料。其他辩护人经人民法院、人民检察院许可，也可以查阅、摘抄、复制上述材料（刑诉38）。有关于中国大陆在落实上有限制，极有可能是旧有观念未改正所致，以致于想藉由限制律师阅卷来降低其胜诉的机率。阅卷权是律师的基本权利，否则律师就无法在法庭审判上，对于指摘被告违法之处作出充分的辩护准备。

　　在取证权的落实上，辩护律师经证人或者其他有关单位和个人同意，可以向他们收集与本案有关的材料，也可以申请人民检察院、人民法院收集、调取证据，或者申请人民法院通知证人出庭作证（刑诉41I）。在拙著《黄庆民制》24IV规定，律师可以申请搜索调查程序，但是执行此一搜索调查程序的检察官，必须是不同于审理被告的检察官，以避免主观意识下不尽力执行有利于被告的搜索调查工作。如此一来，律师在法庭上方有能力对抗检察官，否则多数起诉案件必然都是有罪判决。

　　在证人出庭作证方面，台湾人通常不愿意担任证人，可能会谎称不知道或不清楚，有畏惧于被陷害或报复之虞，也就衍生出《证人保护法》的制定。中国大陆是威权统治社会，或许此一问题较不如台湾明显，但是证人的作证意愿和个人安危有直接关系，是不得予以忽视的一个重要环节。在刑诉法的取证权规定上，缺乏对于条文的具体落实程序，容易为人民法院和人民检察院各自解读，将形成各自为主的混乱局面，有待进一步制定子法或经法律解释以统一取证程序。

　　中国大陆在2012年版的刑诉法修订上，其扩大律师权力有助于司法人权的提升，有关于国际要求提高人权指标，应该是可以给予正面的肯定。台湾在十年前，开始推动改良式当事人进行主义，以取代旧有职权主义的刑事诉讼程序。但是，经过十余年的推行后，显然仍有许多检察官无法改变观念，主要都是1976年以前出生者。中国大陆改行2012年版的刑诉法，相当雷同于台湾更换诉讼程序的初期，仍然有待高层司法机关广为推行后，方能落实此一新制度以提高司法人权。

References

1. 王比学（2013.04.10）律师＂三难＂，是否真的不再难，人民日报第18版
2. 全国人民代表大会（2012.03.14）中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法，中华人民共和国
3. 立法院（2013.01.23）中華民國刑事訴訟法，中華民國
4. 立法院（2006.05.30）證人保護法，中華民國
5. C. M. Huang（2008）Ching-Min Huang System, Ching-Min Huang Office

學費休漲相間不如逐年緩漲

　　臺灣近年的大學學費休一年又漲一年，休時少拿就在漲的那一年拿回來，並且將多拿的學費納入校務基金，以備來年又得再休一年時可以使用。嚴格而論，休漲相間對於大學並沒有影響，該拿多少就是一塊錢也不能少，因為學校得思考如何維持教育競爭力。但是，對於學生不是偶數年畢業者，休漲相間的學費繳交模式，可是會產生多繳或少繳學費的問題。於是乎，與其讓學費休漲相間，倒不如逐年緩漲地公平。

References

1. 朱芳瑤（2013.04.09）突破凍漲 大學：勉強接受，中國時報，http://life.chinatimes.com/LifeContent/1408/20130409000437.html
2. 陳怡靜（2013.04.09）今年大一新生 學雜費喊漲，自由時報，http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2013/new/apr/9/today-t1.htm
3. 陳怡靜（2013.04.09）大學學雜費喊漲 全家盟：反對到底，自由時報，http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2013/new/apr/9/today-life2.htm

中国大陆的政府职能革新

　　中国大陆的人多官也多，全国人口每十八人就有一人当官，其行政管理缺乏革新和调整，官署的行政效率必然相当地低落。政府职能的革新和改造，已是中国大陆当务之急。在管理学的组织行为中，对于考虑快速应变型的组织架构，应该对既有织层级数进行缩减。倘若是中国大陆的政府组织，除必须由高层级政府官员审核外，对于多数行政程序的落实，应该采取「中央控管，二线批准。」有任何行政案由经一线审理后，将径行由二线审查批准落实，特别重要或属于应由中央批准者，应该以法律采列举模式条列，以便于提供二线官署作出行政裁定。中国大陆的政府职能革新和改造，有助于加快市场和社会的经济运作，将是迈向现代化高效能政府团队的象征。

Reference

1. 胡建淼（2013.04.09）政府职能怎么转变，人民日报第7版

The Truth behind the Political Operations between the South and North Koreas

　　In the recent series news, as everyone knows, the North Korea focuses on the United States, not the South Korea. The United States cannot bring the peace for the South Korea, but let the North Korea want to attack the South Korea more. Of course, the North Korea cannot use the nuclear weapons to threaten the South Korea, but actually it can be adopted as a defensive weapon. The North Korea has a strong army with a weak navy, so that it's very hard to attack the United States via Alaska. If the North Korea has enough submarines and troop carriers, the United States will feel very difficult to deal with it without adopting the nuclear weapons. Please respect to every country.

Reference

1. C. M. Huang（2013.01.17）What does Taiwan strive for? II, Ching-Min Huang Office, http://cmhuangoffice.blogspot.tw/2013/01/what-does-taiwan-strive-for-ii.html

书店不一定要有书

　　若是书店是以代理、代购或进口为主，却在零星客源购书数量相当有限之下，严格而论书店不见得要有书存放于内。书店也不过就是一个存放书籍的地点，是否仍要保有书柜林立置书于上的形式，着实是一种对于书店根深蒂固的固有概念。老实说，我是一个很容易被误认为是偷书贼的人，有感到被怀疑偷书的书店也不是一、二间，彷佛眉宇之间有着一股难以掩饰的偷书贼气息。书店以为来书店就是要买书，常来书店却不买书就会起嫌疑。然而，书店会经常性地进新书，常去书店要阅览新书，以审酌个人需求来作决定，买或不买都是个人的自由。要是书店会排斥顾客，倒不如修正经营的路线和方向，那就是「书店不一定要有书」。

经验是实践工程规范的印象

　　在没有工程规范的领域里，往往历经从业人员长期的工程实务累积，方能藉由工程规范制订者归纳领域的共通性，来为行业建立共同遵守的专业法则。许多有经验的专业人士，在多年工作实务的经验累积之后，偶然地在书店翻阅起工程规范，竟惊觉地发现自己的经验，其实「工程规范都有写」。此时，不免感到自己的经验一文不值，深深地以为该早些时日熟读工程规范，可以避免自己白走许多冤枉路。也就是说，没有工程规范的领域要订规范，有工程规范的领域要读规范。

　　不过，个人的经验累积对于工程规范的解释，其理解深度有可能高过于条文解说内容，因为制定工程规范的专业学者人数有限，不是条条都能追根究柢地给出深入解释。学校的工程规范教学方式，并不是按照工程规范的规章顺序教学，而是购买教科书强调演算的过程，往往缺乏对于演算过程的意义解释。日后，经由学生踏入社会实践工程规范，再于多年后回过头来阅读起工程规范，成为一种常见的颠倒式学习过程。

　　要是说该知道的工程规范都有写，那么一般人所谓的经验究竟是指什么呢？或许多年工作实务的经验累积，也都跳脱不出工程规范的范畴，但是有经验表示已经历过试误过程，对于演算或工序的顺序性有正确落实的印象。也就是说，经验是一种正确执行工程规范的印象，可以为犯错做最大可能性的避免。在某些情况下，工程规范的实践经验，尚可能涵盖记忆特定经验系数的印象，有助于个人检验演算或工序错误的情形。

先起诉再说

　　当台湾司法的侦查程序应该终结，但是仍执意要对于被侦查人起诉，于是不免有所谓的「先起诉再说」的行为，其背后除衍生出司法不公之外，不过是将浪费司法资源的标的，从侦查程序移转到审判程序，甚至于还可能被法官要求补查证据，反而会拖延整体的诉讼时程。说起来，司法人员欲先起诉再说的真正目的，就是要让被侦查的「嫌疑人」身分移转为「被告」，以利于肯定自我侦查的结果和提高有罪判决的「主观意识」。

　　基本上，司法人员不愿接受侦查失败，就是得找个替死鬼来取而代之，本是从事助人工作的司法人员，却成为人人喊打的过街老鼠。在美国电影剧情里，经常会让人感到检察官为人所唾弃，反而是警察却成了众人竖起大拇指的英雄。不过，或许是警察比较容易成为剧本撰写的主角，以致于多数剧本都是以警察为背景的故事。其实，警察不亚于检察官，以往也是常有吃案的行为。但是，在台湾推行报案三联单之后，警察吃案情形已经不如以往的严重。

　　司法人员不愿接受侦查失败的主因，往往涉及到个人职位升迁的问题，以及不愿否定自我的侦查结果，致使要全盘托出地将责任推给嫌疑人。事实上，司法人员对于略懂法律的嫌疑人，经常会假设是擅长玩法律的人，其乃是出自于台湾将法律设系衍生的专权观念。否则，要真是完全不懂法律的话，可能早就被玩死或玩进监狱，根本就谈不上所谓的懂不懂。若是司法人员有来自各行各业的专业背景，其观念上必然就不会存有专权法律的思想，总是认为其他懂法律的人是要玩法律而学法律。

　　法律不设系不完全能解决专权问题，因为司法考试一旦设置学历的领域门坎，就表示一定得念过法律才可以考试。美国一样有专权法律的问题存在，因为没念过法律的人不能报考执照考试，任何有执照的人必然否定没有念过法律的人。法律不同于其他领域，该学门会直接涉及到个人的「权利」和「利益」，司法人员不能够有任何专权的行为或观念。法律是由文字所组成，也因而有不少中文系学生转念法律系，其理论的难度取决于个人对于文字的理解程度，尤其台湾的法律以稍带文言的形式呈现。

　　土木工程无法专权，也没有多少人是以念土木为荣。工程设计有责任，工程施工很辛苦，工程施工的非本科系者为数众多，本来就不是专权的学门。法律的学习门坎是中文，其他工科的学习门坎是数物化。以稍带文言形式撰写的法律条文，本质上有让人不易理解的目的；有复杂数物化的工程原文书，本质上也是有让人不易理解的目的。法律不同于工科各领域的地方，在于法律是不能够被允许成为专权领域，因为法律专权会导致人民的权益受损，甚至于会危害到整个社会的安定。

　　众所周知，法院并不存在「无罪推定原则」（刑诉154），因为起诉的意义就是已备相当证据（刑诉251），方可能被提起于法院进入审判程序。换言之，起诉就是有证据的法律程序，否则就应该依据刑诉252为不起诉处分。屡见不鲜地先起诉再说的动机，其实就是司法人员自己想要脱罪，需要诉讼关系人转为污点证人来作程序违法或司法滥权的举证。诉讼关系人受制于法定职权行使，因而衍生的违法行为是可以被谅解，转为污点证人是合情合理的作为。

　　台湾已经实施「改良式当事人进行主义」多年，但是仍有相当多司法人员采取职权主义，甚至于严重以非合乎程序正义的诉讼程序，对于当事人为不正当的侦查行为。尤其，以陷害为出发点的检举告发，除公诉罪经检察官担当当事人以外，另一方当事人往往无意继续诉讼，在举发事项无任何具体结果下，却被扩大侦查行动或移转至其他的刑法罪名上，就是典型的司法滥权行为。中国大陆要审酌台湾的司法缺失，必须避免有类似台湾「先起诉再说」的行为，方能赢得人民的信赖和肯定。

批评政府的正当性

　　我去过中国大陆的北京和厦门，两地也都曾经待过一段时间，但是主要算是北京待的比较久些。在中国大陆所见所闻，会批评政府的人可说是相当的罕见，不知道是畏惧威权或早已习惯如此，反过来会对于批评政府的人给予严厉对待，甚至于可以说是会打压或攻击批评政府的任何人士。在中国大陆的媒体或网络上，可以收看的到台湾的电视节目，或许说来有点令人难以置信，中国大陆的人民非常喜欢台湾人批评政府，无论是在先前的陈水扁主政或当前的马英九主政，都把批评视为是一种理所当然的正当行为。也就是说，中国大陆的人民不喜欢批评政府的人士，但是却对于台湾批评政府的人士如数家珍，似乎隐含有一种不易于言表的矛盾。

　　中国大陆并非完全没有人在批评政府，而是某些经常性批评政府的中国大陆人士，被视为是政府默许可以对时政有批评权，但是亦非肆无忌惮地能够妄自表述。一般来说，批评本身仍不免于从「报喜不报忧」的角度切入，以在影响层面有相当限度的范围下，作出对于时政批评的肯定性观点。中国大陆有群众团结的心态，并且会把任何损及群体的个人或个案，视为是不与己方合作的异议份子，即便此一个人或个案拥有正当性亦是如此。其实，中国大陆政府并没有对于此类问题给出任何限制，但是人民却都会自动的协助打压和攻击异议人士。

　　若是涉及到会危害中央政权的行使时，中国大陆政府就会采取不合乎法律的逮捕拘禁行动。然而，台湾司法（含调查局）的非法侦缉活动，包括监听、监视、侵入民宅、间接性妨碍自由、GPS定位追踪、…等，并不比中国大陆政府的非法逮捕拘禁要好上多少，严格来说两岸都习惯以侵犯人权来达成目的。做事的习惯不是说改可改，也许两岸要到下一世纪才能真正的知道何谓「人权」。从批评政府的正当性切入，中国大陆政府在可接受的层面下，人民仅需以「对事不对人」的立场，来批评时政和提供个人的意见，即可免除许多他人不必要的打压和攻击。

　　中国大陆的报纸较缺乏「社论」，以致于人民的声音无法适度的传达到高层，也就会衍生出许多官逼民反的地方性抗争活动。在台湾的政治运作模式下，经常会在电视新闻上得知有政治人物说：「我也是今天看报纸才知道的。」当然，有些人认为看报纸治国是一种猪脑袋行为，但是却相当程度的反应出报纸实质上的重要性。目前，中国大陆的报纸刊登内容，几乎都是带有刻意写给人民看的意思，有必要给予更多的弹性发展空间。至于，在打压和攻击的心态方面，尚须假以时日的调整和改进，自然可以找到众人认可的正当性批评模式。

Relationship of the Thickness and Life-span for plating with Zinc

　　The legislator found a quality problem about the anchor bolt, HDA-TF/PF, and Taipower had announced the information to clear up the misunderstanding. Actually, to plate with zinc is adopted to prevent corroding, and the steel bolt shouldn't be affected by the zinc. Taipower indicated the thickness of the plating with zinc is 53μm, and this thickness can satisfy the design life-span of the NPP IV, 40 years. Is it correct?

　　Let's see the info of the Galvanizing Association of Taiwan, http://www.galtw.org.tw/info.htm, and the relationship of the thickness and life-span can be calculated by the Table 2 and Table 5. In the Table 5, the thickness 53μm is between the grade 50 and 55, and the equilibrium amount of the zinc is 376g/m^2. In the Table 2, the amount of the zinc is in the closed interval 305~488g/m^2, and the equilibrium life-span is in the closed interval 35~50 years for the farm.

　　The life-span of the thickness 53μm is 40.8 years（coated duplex-system）, and it satisfies the design life-span of the NPP IV. In the general design result, the Factor of Safety should be considered by the designer, especially the extended life-span more than 0.8 year. Actually, the location is near the sea, not the farm. According to the similar calculation, the actual design life-span is 33.1 years for the sea（coated duplex-system）, and it reduces 7.7 years. If the adopted design life-space is extended to 50 years, the similar calculation for the sea can find the suitable design thickness should be 92μm（coated duplex-system）.





　　If possible, the life-span of the NPP IV may adopt the closed interval 25~28 years. By the decision maker, the most possible life-span of the NPP IV is 26 years, and this result is the cause of the anchor bolts. How does Taipower calculate the loss of the NPP IV? The life-span of the NPP IV may be extended to 45 years, and therefore the loss will be (1 - 26 / 45) x 100% = 42.2%. How does Taipower solve this problem? Taipower must add the quantity of the thermal power plants, and the provided cheaper electivity should compensate the loss of the NPP IV.

References

1. 陳文信、蒼弘慈、侯俐安（2013.04.03）綠委：核四上萬支錨栓 無安全認證，中國時報，http://news.chinatimes.com/focus/501013158/112013040300105.html
2. 台灣電力股份有限公司（2013.04.03）核四廠HDA型錨栓通過美國機械工程師協會品保制度認證 品質符合核電廠需求，中央通訊社，http://www.cna.com.tw/postwrite/Detail/123641.aspx#.UVxeA6Iya00
3. 中華民國熱浸鍍鋅協會，熱浸鍍鋅介紹，http://www.galtw.org.tw/info.htm
4. Hilti, Inc.（2011）Hilti Mechanical Anchoring Systems, http://www.buildsite.com/pdf/hilti/Hilti-Mechanical-Anchoring-Systems-624079.pdf

混凝土的材料性质II

　　混凝土抗压试体是一种素混凝土受压构件，在ACI318M-08的22.5.2节给出了公式22-5，以表示纯混凝土的受压轴力强度。在以抗压强度和面积为基本变量下，其余式子根据尺寸关系计算其系数，得获知为0.598（圆柱混凝土D15cm x H30cm）和0.599（方块混凝土15cm x 15cm x 15cm）。另一方面，根据中国大陆的混凝土结构设计规范附录A.2.1节规定，经其表A.2.1的构件稳定系数为1.0（无弯矩、无偏心），并且素混凝土轴心抗压强度设计值为原取用值得0.85，以及参阅条文说明4.1.3~4.1.4提到的混凝土材料分项系数取为1.4，得以换算为同ACI318M-08公式的等值系数为0.85 / 1.4 = 0.607。

（ACI318M-08）

（GB50010-2002）

　　由于ACI318M-08公式和中国大陆雷同，并由于其系数和中国大陆规范公式换算之值相当，可知其本质意义上并无差异性。也就是说，在考虑混凝土抗压试体是一种素混凝土受压构件之前提下，中国大陆和美国在轴力强度计算公式在结果方面几乎相同，因而系数0.6可以视为是受围束效应下达到完全抗压的混凝土断面积比例。然而，中国大陆的素混凝土轴力强度公式忽略尺寸效应，可能于细长比差异性较为明显时，会有因弹性挫曲导致超出公式合理计算轴力强度的情形。但是，在混凝土抗压试体的尺寸比例上，并不存在导致弹性挫曲发生的可能性。

　　从混凝土抗压试体的实验方法观之，在抗压试体承压面上石膏后的承压板材质方面，似乎采用钢板有弹性模量过高容易产生不均匀受力的问题。若是能在石膏上改用弹性模量较低的T6063-T5铝合金板来承压（E = 70GPa、Fy = 110MPa），之后再迭上厚度极厚的A36钢板以有效分散实验设备的荷载至整个铝合金板上，将有可能大幅提高达到完全抗压的混凝土断面积。要同时符合弹性模量低和降伏强度高于混凝土抗压强度，除T6063-T5以外似乎已无第二种可能的选择。无论是ACI318M-08或GB50010-2002，根据二者公式计算得出的系数0.6，相当有可能是实验方法衍生出的数值，因为素混凝土的轴力强度是一种凭靠经验数据拟合的公式。

References

1. ACI Committee 318（2008）Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, ACI 318M-08
2. 中华人民共和国建设部（2002）混凝土结构设计规范，GB50010-2002
3. Wikipedia, Buckling, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckling

混凝土的材料性质

　　美国的ACI318M-08，将其全部公式同时以SI、MKS及British单位呈现，以便于不同国家得以引用参考。台湾的混凝土结构设计规范，是以美国的ACI318-05为模板的译文，并采取MKS制作为结构设计的单位。中国大陆的混凝土结构设计规范，采用的是SI制作为结构设计单位。其中，混凝土的材料性质相当有争议性，背后的真正问题源自于混凝土抗压试体的形状不同。中国大陆采用方块混凝土抗压试体，台湾沿用美国ACI318的圆柱混凝土抗压试体，其取得的抗压试体强度比例约略为80%（Wang et al., 2007）。

　　台湾经常使用的4000磅混凝土（f'c = 28MPa），相当于中国大陆的混凝土强度等级C55（fck = 35.5MPa），其意思是指同一批搅拌的混凝土，以不同形状制成抗压试体取得的同级强度关系。根据ACI318M-08的8.1.5节规定，经计算4000磅混凝土的弹性模量为24.87GPa，并得根据中国大陆GB50010-2002的表4.1.5，查得C55的弹性模量为35.5GPa。明显地，在混凝土的弹性模量定义方面，美国和中国大陆有相当大程度的差异性，而且差异性已经大到足以影响结构设计的安全性。

　　钢筋混凝土的二种结构设计方法中，其中的工作应力法要根据n = Es / Ec来换算钢筋的应力，具有左右构件强度高低的关键性影响。极限设计法并不是复合材料力学理论的一环，因为此种算法考虑线弹性却不遵守胡克定律，以根据线弹性关系计算出混凝土的强度。胡克定律是复合材料力学中，对于以线弹性为假设前提的基本定律，不符合胡克定律就不属于复合材料力学的范畴。本质上，极限设计法是一种被提出来便于手算的算法，目的是解决1937年（Whitney, 1937）那个没有计算机可以代算的年代。

　　在非以FEM固体力学模拟混凝土强度下，例如：ANSYS Solid65，极限设计法确实可以不使用弹性模量。但是，混凝土抗压试体强度的差异性足以影响结构设计结果，此乃是不可轻易忽略的一项重要材料性质。混凝土抗压试体的形状会影响取得的强度，其主要原因就是混凝土抗压试体的自由边界条件不一样，轴心被围束区域达到完全抗压的面积不同，其对应的抗压强度也就会因此而有差异。也就是说，混凝土抗压试体的真实强度高低，取决于轴心受完全围束区域的面积大小。

　　在土力学的三轴试验（Das, 2010）中，藉由水让土壤试体产生围压，得以计算试体全断面轴差应力高低。但是，混凝土的荷载环境不同于土壤，除地下结构会涉及到水的接触和土壤的围压外，以及有箍筋包覆的围束效应存在之情形，并不会有所谓的围压环境存在。然而，混凝土抗压试体的强度高低，却受其形状的差异性而有不同的结果，因而应该探讨围束程度对于取得强度的影响。此外，混凝土抗压试体是否能模拟真实环境，仍然有待评估抗压试体形状和尺寸的试用性，以便于提高混凝土结构设计的精确度。

References

1. ACI Committee 318（2008）Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, ACI 318M-08
2. 中华人民共和国建设部（2002）混凝土结构设计规范，GB50010-2002
3. 中華民國內政部營建署（2011）混凝土結構設計規範，土木401-100（中國土木水利學會）
4. C. K. Wang, C. G. Salmon, J. A. Pincheira（2007）Reinforced Concrete Design, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 7th edition
5. Wikipedia, Hooke's law, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooke%27s_law
6. C. S. Whitney（1937）Design of Reinforced Concrete members Under Flexure or Combined Flexure and Direct Compression, Journal of American Concrete Institute, Vol.33, pp.483-498
7. C. M. Huang（2012.11.21）Theoretical Problem in LRFD IV, Ching-Min Huang Office
8. B. M. Das（2010）Principles of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Cengage Learning

两岸的专科学校

　　台湾的专科学校主要为五年制和二年制，其中五年制是招收15岁初中毕业生，而二年制则是招收18岁高职毕业生。在十年前，以五年制为专科学校的主流教育体制，但是该学制已被教育部废除至仅剩少数学门类别。在数十年前，台湾尚有三年制专科学校，专门招收大学联考未考取四年制大学的18岁高中毕业生，但是该学制已在早年就被教育部完全废除，现在已经无此三年制专科学校的学制存在。

　　台湾的15岁初中毕业生在选择学制上，除少数学门类别仍保有五年制专科学校外，必须在高中和高职二种学制下择一，并且走向不同的教育体制，亦即为四年制高教体制或四年制技职体制，并在取得学士学位后才能再不分体制报考硕、博士学位课程。在中国大陆的专科学校，专门招收高考（大学联考）未考取本科（四年制大学）的18岁高中毕业生，该学制是修业年限二至三年的短期课程，相当于台湾早年的三年制专科学校学制。

　　中国大陆在地人对于专科学校带有鄙视的成见，其观念上类似于台湾早期大学联考制度下的三年制专科学校，并不是台湾的五年制或二年制专科学校。但是，我在北京期间数度感到被鄙视，探其背后的真实原因就是「专科学校」一词，在中国大陆带有相当强烈地被鄙视的意思存在，也就是考不上任何一所大学的人会去念的学校。但是，中国大陆的专科生可升学至本科（专升本），因而台湾的五年制专科毕业生升学二年制技术校院，容易被中国大陆误认为是其专升本体制。

　　专升本在中国大陆是一种附属学制，主要是提供专科生可以有升学至本科的机会。台湾的专科生升学技术校院是一种正规教育，不是同中国大陆的附属学制提供给专科生升学机会，因为技术校院都是专门用以提供技职生升学的学校。简单的说，台湾的技术校院是专门为招收专科生设立的学校，不同于中国大陆让招收本科生的学校同时可以招收部份专科生，此乃是两岸专科生升学观念上最大的差异性。然而，基于教育部对学制的调整，台湾的名牌五年制专科学校，多已在近十年内逐步停止招生。

　　在台湾的15岁初中毕业生的升学观念，经常是第一志愿高中、第一志愿高职、第二志愿高中、第二志愿高职、…等交错选择，以致于技职体制并不会完全被否定其价值。但是，许多的第一志愿高中毕业生，却未能考取第一志愿国立台湾大学的人，常会有巩固自我地位产升否定他人的观念存在，因而会以为技职体制是完全无法录取高中的人，才会考虑攻读技职体制的高职学校。若是中国大陆有五年制专科学校，想必会有很多初中毕业生愿意攻读，以期能早日进入职场工作。

　　台湾的高教体制相较于技职体制，其升学攻读大学的难度比较低。台湾许多早期专科学校体制学生，是可能考虑前往中国大陆取得学历，但是碍于在地人既有成见甚重，因而有必要解释两岸专科学校的差异性。在台湾高中毕业生方面，常见以攻读医学系为目标，却未能在台顺遂而欲前往中国大陆。事实上，中国大陆并无同台湾热衷于医学系的现象，所以几乎都能满足台生的学习需求。两岸教育体制观念上，其最大差异点就是专科学校的价值观，以上解释应该有助于两岸互相了解。

Reference

1. Wikipedia, 专科学校, http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1

About the Restricted Distribution of Electric Power in the North Taiwan VII

　　Because most Taiwanese think Taipower can deliver the electric power from the far places to the North Taiwan, they always suppose the electric power won't be short of in the North Taiwan. If their logic is really correct, Taipower can build all of the power plants in a place, including the nuclear, coal / oil / gas, and hydroelectric power plants. According to the statistical data of Taipower and Wikipedia, Taiwan should have more than 30 power plants, and almost every city has a power plant at least. The present situation is distributed, not centralized.

　　Taiwanese are the people of foresight to avoid the possible disasters, and the Government just needs to own a National Science Park of Power Plants, which is the so-called "國家發電廠科學園區" in Chinese. It's not a real situation, and the power plants distribute over the whole Taiwanese territory. As everyone knows, Taiwanese like to find the loopholes, and therefore the proposed simulation may be discovered many ways to use the electricity without any restriction. Any citizen may apply a new business, and lets his or her house become the location of business. Of course, this house won't be short of the electricity, but the applicant must pay a higher fee for the business electricity.

　　Because the electric power is limited, Taipower must execute the restricted distribution policy strictly. Many companies will have the great loss, and this is not good for the economic force of the North Taiwan. It's important to observe the law, but Taipower cannot deal with so many citizens who find the loopholes. If the North Taiwan doesn't execute this simulation, the citizens won't understand many latent problems. If possible, please execute the proposed simulation. Before the National Referendum is held, the citizens must know what situation they will meet in the future

Reference

1. Wikipedia, List of power stations in Taiwan, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Taiwan

Which problem will Wu meet in the Taiwanese EMBA program?

　　As everyone knows, Wu would like to pursue a Master, and most Taiwanese doesn't agree the governmental policy. However, the educational policy shouldn't affect the people who want to study really, and therefore, the educational policy releases the requirement of education background for the applicants. Of course, this is absolutely right, but most Taiwanese cannot accept it, especially the young people. Which problem will Wu meet in the Taiwanese EMBA program? The real problem is English, not the professional knowledge.

　　I had ever attended the NTU EMBA courses, and the professors always taught the courses with a numerous of professional terms in English, "我想，這是marketing的問題，如果你有survey過的話，應該不難預測Q3的trend，你當然就可以預先改變你的strategy。", for example. Actually, most of the vocabularies, which are adopted by the professors, are fundamental words, but the students must understand these vocabularies for learning the courses. In Taiwanese advanced education, this is a formal style to be adopted by the professors, and the students have been used to the teaching style.

　　In Britain or the United States, even if the educational background of an applicant is just the junior high school, he or she still can understand what the professors say in the classes. The professors adopt the pure English to teach the students, so that they don't have the language problem for learning the professional knowledge. However, this is the only choice to study in Taiwan, and therefore the students must be used to the teaching style. I like Drucker's books, especially "The Effective Executive" & "The Essential Drucker," and they should be useful for you.

References

1. 陳至中（2013.03.21）吳寶春想讀書 教部一週內檢討，中央社，http://www.cna.com.tw/News/aEDU/201303210384-1.aspx
2. 林紳旭（2013.03.22）阿基師：我也想念台大EMBA，中央社，http://www.cna.com.tw/News/firstnews/201303220072-1.aspx
3. 彼得．杜拉克著、齊若蘭譯（2009）杜拉克談高效能的5個習慣（The Effective Executive），遠流出版社，http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010455716
4. P. F. Drucker（2008）The Essential Drucker: The Best of Sixty Years of Peter Drucker's Essential Writings on Management, HarperBusiness; Reissue edition, http://www.amazon.com/Essential-Drucker-Druckers-Management-Essentials/dp/0061345016

把柄

　　在社會實踐多年後，罕見地能以極其簡短之文字，為廣大讀者說明忌妒、害人及把柄之關係。忌妒並不是一種罪，而是一種犯罪動機。肇因於忌妒衍生之犯罪，其本質上是基於教唆人或犯罪人，無法找到任何不利於己之犯罪事實，可供其用以訴諸法律來對付自己，因而致使其有意教唆他人或親為犯罪，亦或是製造任何不利於己之事端。若是能夠讓他人擁有己方之把柄，其實他人就不會考慮來加害於己。

Reference

1. C. M. Huang（2008.03.02）宇宙萬物運行之道（英文版，International Version），Ching-Min Huang Office，https://sites.google.com/site/cmhuangoffice/indexhtml/Tao.pdf?attredirects=0&d=1

About the Restricted Distribution of Electric Power in the North Taiwan VI

　　According to the suggestion of the DPP and TSU, it's reasonable to change the targeted subject which lets the citizens of the relative regions, the distance 50km from the NPP VI, decide the final decision, and this voting will become a Local Referendum for the citizens in the North Taiwan. How many citizens are there to have the right to vote this Local Referendum in such kind of presupposition? According to the election of the President in 2012, there are 2,102,664（Taipei）+ 3,074,849（New Taipei）+ 302,139（Keelung）+ 1,506,311（Taoyuan）+ 358,059（Yilan）= 7,344,022 citizens who have the right to join this voting.

　　In the North Taiwan, many workers and students, whose ages are more than 20 years old, do not have the census registers, and the total amount should be not less than 1.5 million people. Because the North Taiwan is the most prosperous region, there are just few original citizens who don't live in the North Taiwan. However, in law, they don't have the right to join the voting, and actually the government cannot provide them the right by any reason. Is it possible solved by the government to get a more correct voting result? No, it is impossible, and the voting result must be accepted by the people who live in the North Taiwan.

　　As regard to the Article 30 of the Referendum Act, the number of voters must be not less than 1/2, and therefore the adopted standard should reach the number of votes, 3,672,011. If the voting ratio is 75% as the 2012 President election, the actual supporting ratio among the voters should be higher than 66.7% to win the Local Referendum. The real problem of the Referendum Act is the adopted standard, and it almost can affect the final result. Will the KMT and PFP agree to let it become a Local Referendum and change the adopted standard?

　　Because most citizens do not live in the North Taiwan, they don't nearly care about this issue in fact. Of course, the KMT and PFP should accept the suggestion of the DPP and TSU to let it become a Local Referendum, or the citizens in the North Taiwan cannot make a decision for themselves. However, every city won't agree to construct a NPP, so that it may be a false issue for the present situation of Taiwan. According to the foreign democratic rules, the adopted standard cannot be changed by the DPP and TSU, or the citizens may often propose a Referendum to change any issue easily.

References

1. 洪美秀、丁偉杰、林恕暉、蘇永耀、曾韋禎（2013.03.03）正面迎戰核四公投 綠拚修法降門檻、多數決，自由時報，http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2013/new/mar/3/today-fo1.htm
2. 中央選舉委員會（2012.01.14）第13任總統（副總統）選舉 選舉概況，中選會網站，http://db.cec.gov.tw/histQuery.jsp?voteCode=20120101P1A1&qryType=prof&prvCode=00

About the Restricted Distribution of Electric Power in the North Taiwan V

　　Even if the DPP wins the National Referendum, it's also not a bad news for the whole citizens. Before the result comes true, let's estimate the necessary cost for it. The factories and companies in the North Taiwan can go to the other cities, and the primary cost of damage is paid by them, not the central government and local governments. Of course, Taipower must provide the power for them firstly, but the human resource may have a large change to make a move. Actually, it's not easy to estimate the cost of damage, but the total cost should need NTD 50B at least.

　　Tainan city is one of the municipalities, which has the cheapest lands, and it is the assumed new Taiwan capital between 2019 and 2022. By the reasonable explanation, Tainan city should become the New Taiwan Capital, and the central government won't come back to Taipei city. Tainan city has many public vacant lands, and they can be used to construct the buildings of the central government. The quantities of the buildings for the central government are not less than 35, and the total cost may higher than NTD 35B for the reasonable estimations.

　　There are 5 years to construct these buildings for the central government, and the central budget must appropriate the construction fund, NTD 7B, every year. As the above estimations, the total cost of damage is NTD 50B + 35B = 85B, and it's not a small number. The DPP would like to stop appropriating the new fund, NTD 50B, for Taipower, and therefore the actual total cost of damage for Taiwan is NTD 290B + 85B = 375B. The cost of damage, NTD 290B, is the construction expenses for the NPP IV, and Taipower is appropriating the new fund, NTD 50B.

　　After the clear estimations, the citizens can understand the probable cost of damage, and it should be useful to vote the National Referendum. If the voting result is to continue constructing the NPP IV, the citizens may feel very dangerous to live in the North Taiwan. However, in such kind of situation, the central government must appropriate the new fund, NTD 50B, or Taipower cannot finish the whole construction of the NPP IV. Whether the voting result is passed or not, the result should be a best choice for the whole citizens.

　　The present government party is the KMT, and it may consider constructing the new capital in Taichung. Why? In the political considerations, the North Taiwan is controlled by the KMT, and the South Taiwan is controlled by the DPP. Kaohsiung is in the South Taiwan, but the land price is quite high. Besides, Kaohsiung has few public vacant lands in the civic center, and therefore it's almost impossible chose by the KMT and DPP. In the presupposition, the KMT wants to choose Taichung, and the DPP wants to choose Tainan. Which one?

　　In the Legislative Yuan, the KMT has 65 seats, and the DPP has 40 seats. The PFP may support the KMT's decision, and the TSU may support the DPP's decision. The other 2 seats have no party, and therefore it's not easy to predict their minds. Both of the KMT and PFP have 68 seats, and both of the DPP and TSU have 43 seats. As everyone knows, the KMT and PFP can win the voting in the Legislative Yuan, and therefore Taichung is quite possible to become the new capital. If the voting result comes true, the new total cost for the building construction should be NTD 40B.

　　Of course, this construction fund can be saved by the central government if it doesn't change the capital. Taipower must provide the simulation, which may choose Q2, 2013, as the period, for the North Taiwan, and the central government and citizens can consider whether the capital can still operate or not. Actually, after the new thermal plants start to operate in 2022, the North Taiwan can return to the normal. The central government needs to estimate all of the possible situations, and decides whether the capital must be changed or not.

Reference

1. Wikipedia, Legislative Yuan, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Yuan

Adherence

　　In your life, you must adhere to some principles, especially the right matters, and it is very important to handle many problems. When I was a student, I jointed the student associations to know the reason why I should adhere to some principles. Please don't be stubborn, and therefore you can obtain some useful suggestions. Actually, it's not easy to distinguish the difference from both of them, but you can always come back to analyze the fundamental value and elements. Once you can really understand what I say, you are possible to bring a large success for yourself one day.

國際獎項和歐美學位有掛勾

　　國際獎項和歐美學位之間，是帶有極其相關性之掛勾，不是人人都有機會取得國際獎項。國際獎項的授予權掌握在獲有歐美學位的人身上，因而是否授予相對應地就必然要求其學位應該被承認之標準，也就衍生出非取得歐美學位之人相對之下難以獲得授予之機會。嚴格而論，國際獎項的授予是一種小圈子遊戲規則，因而取得歐美學位似乎成為有志之士必經之路。有關於此一問題之核心價值，在於既得利益者欲鞏固其學術地位，其背後尚包括教育帶來之經濟利益和移民勞動力，所以多數人認為不具歐美學位者難以有高成就即是此番道理。以攻讀模式獲得之學位是一種馬克思主義階級制度，擁有歐美學位者有普遍性鞏固自我地位之虞，應該客觀和適切地考量國際獎項之授予資格。

聖人不能結婚的理由

　　孔子是中國聖人家喻戶曉，若非漢武帝罷黜百家獨尊儒術，將無法為孔子奠定其後世的聖人地位，也是熟讀四書五經的人們所周知之事。孔子不僅有與人結婚，而且還有子孫和後代，可就不是生在科技進步的今日，否則孔子和他老婆就有被偷拍做愛畫面之虞。不知道孔子做愛的爽樣如何，也不知道孔子做愛的姿勢如何，藉由偷拍取得之影片不僅得以天天欣賞，尚可透過網路散播到全球各地給廣大網民。在人們品頭論足地評論過孔子的做愛爽樣和姿勢之後，想必孔子的聖人頭銜已經搖搖欲墜難以保住。何也？做愛被認為是淫穢之事，此乃聖人不能結婚的理由。

臺灣司法人權II

　　司法人員是臺灣社會中之特權份子，尤其是政府以高薪養廉政策慣壞其思維，並且普遍帶有好於以法欺人之觀念和嗜好，以及喜好聯手對付非法律專業懂法人士，以鞏固自我之社會地位成為常態現象。在落實歐陸法系國家之中，以個人有限所知之國家裡，都是將法律專業設於學士階段，卻少有將其設置於碩士以上階段，因而臺灣將法律專業設於學士階段，相較於他國並非有特異獨行之處。

　　淺見以為，臺灣已是高學歷國家之一，多數取得司法官資格者有碩士學位，而對於在學士階段取得司法官者，其日後也多有補足學歷至碩士程度，倘若將法律專業改設於碩士以上學位，並非有特別異於現狀或有不可行之處。有某專業學士和法學碩士學位，即便未取得司法官或律師資格，仍然可以成為各行各業之法律專員，對於僅懂民、刑法卻不懂其他龐大法律體系之法律學士來說，改設法律碩士以上學位可以解決此一問題。

　　司法人員薪資相較於一般公務員薪資，其比例遠高於其他先進國家之標準，因而若能減半同一般公務員薪資，卻擴增一倍司法人員以使審判和偵查更為迅速，想必將會有利於國家訴訟品質之提升。司法人員薪資高低不是貪污之動機，或應該說是以貪污為目的立志成為司法人員者是少數。在司法人員貪污之本質上，需要透過內部機制來反訴己方，以避免司法官彼此間有官官相護之情形。

　　個人拙著《黃慶民制》之訴訟體制，將產生相對應之階層式訴訟制度。階層式訴訟以憲政訴訟、公務訴訟及軍事訴訟為基礎，為政府與司法內部之管理體系。公務員與軍方人員若涉及違法，得分別透過公務與軍事訴訟體系，經公務與軍事檢察官行使偵查程式，將違法之公務員或軍方人員提起公訴。換句話說，司法官本身有明顯地階級觀念，而且將會有專門調查司法人員之司法人員主動偵查。

　　臺灣司法人員之所以成為特權份子之主因，除了法律在學士階段設系會專權於民、刑法外，以及政府對於司法人員給予特別高之薪資，相較於同等學歷之其他專業領域公務員，幾乎是提供二倍以上之薪資所得。司法人員在此嬌生慣養下，其濫權於無人可管之前提，必然為國家和社會添增許多之禍害。倘若能考慮廢系和降薪，以及設立階層式訴訟體系，將可解決長久以來濫權無法可管之情形。

Reference

1. C. M. Huang（2008）黃慶民制，Ching-Min Huang Office，https://sites.google.com/site/cmhuangoffice/indexhtml/CMS-zhtw.pdf?attredirects=0&d=1

About the Restricted Distribution of Electric Power in the North Taiwan IV

　　The North Taiwan needs a regional simulation about the restricted distribution of electric power, and the government, companies and the people can decide whether the NPP IV should be stopped constructing or not. The residential district should be provided the electric power by turns, and the streetlamps and traffic lights must maintain its functionality for Taipei and New Taipei cities. Besides, the economic effect is very important for the whole country, and therefore the industrial and commercial companies have high priority to be provided the electric power. The best priority should be the Q2 of this year when is from April 1 to June 30, 2013, and the government can gather statistics data to compare the economic loss between 2012 and 2013.

　　Many citizens lived in the North Taiwan will find the temporary living places in Taoyuan, but actually most of them cannot still work in Taipei or New Taipei cities. Why? Most of the companies in the North Taiwan may move to Taichung, Tainan and Kaohsiung cities, and therefore the original and external citizens will lose many job opportunities. In such kind of situation, Taipei and New Taipei cities cannot still maintain so strong economic forces, and Tainan may be the most indebted city among the three cities. Why? Compared with Taichung and Kaohsiung cities, Tainan has the cheaper land price, and it is possible to become the actual Taiwan capital between 2019 and 2022. Of course, after the event is terminated, the central government will move the organization from Tainan to Taipei.

　　After the simulation is terminated on June 30, 2013, the government must prepare the National Referendum for the people to decide whether the NPP IV should be stopped constructing or not. All of the Taiwanese non-governmental organizations and the DPP members support the National Referendum, and it has become the inevitable activity to promote the national policy. Whether the National Referendum is non-passed then, the primary difference is just to change the living places where have the Air Conditioning. For the central government, it's good news to change the capital from Taipei to Tainan, and actually many people expect this policy can come true. In such kind of situation, according to the Article 1 of the Referendum Act, the final decision should be decided by the citizens.

司法智障─燒錢是合法行為

　　在臺灣社會裡，充斥著為數不少之司法從業人員，總是以知法犯法罪加一等之邏輯，慣於將「加重刑罰」視為達成特定目標之目的，以致於顛倒是非地以加重刑罰為最終訴求，導致其產生懂法律之人好於犯法之觀念，有關該類司法從業人員統稱為「司法智障」。多數司法智障不懂反求諸己之道理，否則所謂懂法律之人好於犯法之最大族群，其實就是最懂法律之司法從業人員本身。在高科技產業中，公司技術研發機構乃是一個燒錢部門，倘若要大量推動臺灣技術研發之動能，採取「公開性燒錢活動」乃是正面倡導技術密集產業之方法。《刑法》第一九七、一九八條之規定，其立法原意乃是意指行使減損分量之通用貨幣，限於熔毀硬幣以重新提煉為鎳金屬之收集、交付及收受之再利用行為，也就是鎳金屬之市場價格高於硬幣本身之額定價值時，將會妨礙國家之貨幣發行總量及其流通情形，而並非專指毀損不可重複利用之紙鈔類國幣或通用貨幣，因而國家為此另外訂定《妨害國幣懲治條例》。幾年前有數個相關案例，主要為熔毀電線蕊心提煉成銅金屬，以及將水溝蓋熔毀提煉成鐵金屬，再將其運送至金屬交易市場易賣之，因而熔毀硬幣的確有其可能性及防範之必要性。根據《妨害國幣懲治條例》之規定，除焚燒新臺幣會涉嫌觸犯「毀損國幣罪」外，焚燒新臺幣以外之任何國家貨幣都是合法行為。臺灣不重視技術研發之情形相當嚴重，有待公開焚燒美金以倡導國家朝向美國技術密集產業，使得臺灣得以早日脫離資本密集之高勞動人力產業。燒錢並不是懂法律好犯法之行為，本質上是一種良性推展技術研發之正面性社會活動。

References

1. Wikipedia, Money burning, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_burning
2. Wikipedia, United States dollar, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar

司法官職業之差異性

　　修過民、刑、憲法和旁聽數門法學課程，突然對於司法官和教授之思考邏輯，有了些許獨到見解可供參考。民法授課教授本身是個女法官，上課固定在講台前固定不動；刑法授課教授本身是個女檢察官，上課四處走動不在定點不動。二種司法官之課堂授課模式，顯現出其職業工作方式之差異性。事實上，不僅限於授課模式之差異性，法官和檢察官之思考邏輯並不相同，甚至於可說看待事物之角度有相當大之差異性。法學院多數教授擁有法官邏輯，乃是站在審判者之立場在論定是非，而非以追溯事端源頭之角度逆向操作。上課是否走動不是其思考邏輯之差異性，然而多數擁有法官思維之法學教授易於培養出法官，卻是相對地較不易於培養出檢察官。臺灣對於偵查方法不夠重視，僅傾向於培養《中華民國憲法》上擁有終身職之法官，造成臺灣在司法訴訟上容易衍生出許多弊端。淺見以為，臺灣之司法官考試應該分別考試，而且應該加考「審判法學」和「偵查法學」二科，以提升司法官職業之素質和減少訴訟弊端之發生機率。不少讀者反映拙著《黃慶民制》狗屁不通，但是應有些許內容值得參考，例如：法官和檢察官分試，期望法界人士得閱覽研讀和給予基本之尊重。

References

1. 索兰（美）著，张清、王芳译（2007）法官语言，法律出版社
2. C. M. Huang（2008）黃慶民制，Ching-Min Huang Office，https://sites.google.com/site/cmhuangoffice/indexhtml/CMS-zhtw.pdf?attredirects=0&d=1

About the Restricted Distribution of Electric Power in the North Taiwan III

　　As everyone knows, KMT had decided the NPP IV must be finished in the following years, and I also agree the opinion of I.-W. Tsai who is the DPP's former Chairman, which is to finish it and doesn't operate immediately. Why? As the words which I said before, the restricted distribution of electric power is possible happened in the North Taiwan between 2019 and 2022, and the NPP IV can be adopted to compensate the electric power which is short of in the future.

References

1. 唐筱恬、管婺媛、楊毅、李明賢（2013.01.21）馬定調核四須完工 藍全面護航，中國時報，http://news.chinatimes.com/focus/501012869/112013022100079.html
2. 林朝億（2013.02.18）小英基金會：核四不應進行試運轉，新頭殼newtalk，http://newtalk.tw/news/2013/02/18/33721.html

臺灣學術界的國際期刊投稿邏輯

　　臺灣的學術界投稿國際期刊，乃是走高產量低價值的戰略路線。若是臺灣一改慣用的高產量低價值路線，而欲改行低產量高價值路線的話，極有可能遭遇重大挫敗的危機，而且會間接影響到臺灣的博士學位全國發行量。那麼，究竟是什麼原因，使得臺灣無法改變此一路線？除了在投稿前無法準確估算被引用率，以致於需要大量投稿和自引文章提高能見度外，最大的問題是制度面上的「學術點數積分規定」，但是卻導致學術界偏向重量不重質的情形。

　　以國際工程期刊論文來說，多數影響因子（Impact Factor）約略在1.0左右，頂尖國際期刊的IF值可以達到1.5~2.0的水準。假如某項研究成果可以投稿進IF值1.5的國際期刊，將其拆為三篇分別投稿到IF值0.6、0.7及0.9的期刊，其能見度和被引用機率擴增為三倍，而且IF值總計為0.6 + 0.7 + 0.9 = 2.2，遠高於合為一篇投稿進IF值1.5的國際期刊。有關於此一現象背後的問題癥結點，在於一篇改寫為三篇可以提高能見度和被引機率，使得臺灣研究人員總是樂此不彼地重覆此一行為。

　　在國外學術網站上，每每於瀏覽其學者之簡介時，可以見到完整的文章發表列表，亦可見到所謂的精選論文（Selected Papers），也就是臺灣學術界常說的「代表作」。一般來說，若學者的年紀比較輕，其提供之代表作約有五篇左右；若學者的年紀比較長，其提供之代表作約有十篇左右。若是臺灣學術界在投稿論文前，都可以「審慎評估」本論文是否可以作為代表作，再來決定是否要以一篇或拆成多篇來發表，想必在個人著作的「質」和「量」將可同時兼顧。

　　什麼是代表作？在專攻的專業領域內，具有開創性或原創性價值的文章，就可以將其視為是代表作。有些文章可以投稿進高IF值的國際期刊，但是卻未達開創性或原創性價值的標準，因而僅能算是有引用價值的一般性論文。若是臺灣的學者都能考慮到代表性著作的層面，並且要求博士生在撰寫學術文章時要考慮到此一問題，想必臺灣的學術產能可以在「質」和「量」方面，同時獲得國際學術機構和評鑑機構的肯定，也將有助於臺灣學術機構取得較佳的全球排名。

Reference

1. Wikipedia, Impact Factor, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_factor

臺灣司法人權

　　臺灣是全球已開發國家中，極其少數不重視司法人權之國家。臺灣司法人員慣用監視監聽手法，將其作為偵辦案件之標準程序。事實上，歐美國家並不把監視監聽視為是偵辦案件之「方法」，否則極易形成以監視監聽手法作為等待證據之過程，此乃是觸犯法學理論中所謂之「毒果樹」學說。因而，毆美國家始終將司法人員對於監視監聽之需求，設定在「已備相當證據」前提下之現場蒐證。

　　臺灣司法人員濫權之源頭，除了法院輕易核發或核准相關權限，包括監視、監聽、搜索票（侵入民宅裝設針孔或竊聽器）、…等，以致於不僅是檢察官、警察或調查人員以為合法，甚至於連法官都不自知此乃是陷入毒果樹學說之「無效法律行為」。在許多歐美電影中，不難見到有律師和檢察官相互間之證據駁斥過程，其中之毒果樹學說總是屢見不鮮。犯罪行為之偵查本質上，必須始於有犯罪事實之存在後，再對證據或證人進行偵查追蹤，而不是等待犯罪過程之發生。

　　在臺灣偵查犯罪之過程中，最常遇到之情況是被偵查人「無罪」，但是由於司法人員已經耗費過多司法資源，不得不將被偵查人定罪以使其對案件有個交代，因而採取等待犯罪或引誘犯罪之手法，以監視監聽方式侵犯被害人之隱私，似乎是一種司空見慣之臺灣法界惡習。在此一情況下，司法人員並不是在偵查任何案件，而是遊手好閒地為社會製造不安之生活環境。也就是說，若司法人員之偵辦案件方向錯誤，而且在耗費司法資源達一定程度後，被偵查人必須有罪以作為案件終結之方式。

　　眾所周知，司法人員主要工作就是出一張嘴，因而《刑事訴訟法》第二四五條第一項特別規定偵查不公開原則，以避免違法導致其他非必要事端發生。事實上，臺灣司法人員無視此一規定，而且特別愛好四處散播或作為閒聊話題。幾天前，去臺南全美戲院觀看二輪片《寒戰》，在個人幾經思考後有了些許感想，或許香港司法人員不如電影情節般守法，但是反觀臺灣司法環境實在是覺得非常差勁。遵行國家法律，否則就是亂搞。

References

1. Department of Justice（2009）United States Attorneys' Manual, United States of America, http://www.justice.gov/usao/eousa/foia_reading_room/usam/
2. C. M. Huang（2012.06.17）涉違反模糊原則之法律處置，Ching-Min Huang Office，http://cmhuangoffice.blogspot.tw/2012/06/blog-post_17.html

民主法治核可之社會身份地位

　　在二百年前，美國成為全球第一個實施民主政治的國家，也就是在中央政府的高級官員要求有任期制。然而，美國政府無異於其他國家的政府，在一般公務員層級仍然有貪污腐敗的疑慮存在。探其原因，根本上在於美國公務員沒有任期制，因而不具滾石不生苔的防腐措施。臺灣政府現行的《中華民國憲法》，乃是孫中山學習歐美各國憲政觀念後，經張君勱執筆撰寫《中華民國憲法》全文一七五條，再經制憲國民大會修正其中一條的部份文字後，交付全民頒行憲法予以落實。臺灣的政府官員產生方式，無異於歐美國家的政治體制，都是僅有中央政府的高級官員才有任期制的要求。

　　嚴格而論，此種中央集權領導下的高級官員有任期制，對於一般公務員層級卻沒有要求任期制，誠言之並不符合完全的民主政治思想，反而比較符合帶有部份馬克思主義的邏輯思維存在。事實上，若是對於落實馬克思主義控管不當，亦相當有可能轉變為帝制思想，而美國就是相當接近帝制思想的一個國家。若以比較負面的表示臺灣人不滿於現狀的說法，經常會有人以「騜」字批評馬英九也是一例。基本上，在民主政治的任期制觀念上，僅止於「官」的層級而不擴及到「民」的層級。在「民」的層級的民主觀念上，一般都是團體中的輪流職掌投票表決，此亦是團體採民主觀念的落實措施。

　　假如要在一般公務員層級要求任期制，那麼應該要如何達成此一目標呢？基本上，公務員同政府官員是每四年為一任，並於任期屆滿前採取全國公務員內部考試，以留守至少二分之一的原單位公務員，並且釋出另外二分之一的公務員名額給社會大眾。也就是說，以目前公務員有三十萬人來說，每年釋出三萬七千五百個公務員名額給社會大眾，但是要終身擔任公務員必須一輩子都在參加考試，以檢核個人專業能力是否仍然位列前茅可繼續留任。事實上，由於政府提供的公務員錄取名額眾多，而且真正願意一輩子擔任公務員者不多，所以要一輩子擔任公務員並非不可能。

　　在武官的部份，以高階軍官和高階警官為主要汰換對象，其留守人數不少於五分之四，以避免武裝力量呈現不穩定的現象。在公務員退休金計算方面，以年滿六十七歲前一生的累計公職年資，根據法律規定給付對應的退休金額度。在公務員升遷方面，就是得把握四年內取得一定的貢獻，以作為現任或下任被拔擢的審查要素。在公務員的升遷心態上，就是積極做出個人的工作貢獻，並且由於每年都會有單位上的同事出去，所以累積貢獻越大者升遷也就越快速。此一公務員任期制措施，可以解決官場上妒忌許多人位居高位，以及一大堆人逢迎拍馬靠關係升遷的官場文化。在公務員報考資格上，應該考慮離職前最高文武官階級，以避免公務員有過度年輕化的趨勢。

　　在屬於「民」的社會階層方面，根據國家考試產生法律核可的社會地位，包括「師」字輩（專技高考）、「士」字輩（專技普考、技能檢定）、…等，統一接受國家的行業管理，必要時可以要求停業或罰款。臺灣在行業管理上遭遇的最大問題，在於臺灣擁有龐大的攤販飲食業者，多數都已經要求集中於夜市擺設其攤位，但是仍然未達到全面進行列管作業目標。此外，臺灣的攤販式行業並未取得丙級以上的技術士牌照，而且也沒有符合報考的職類執照以供報考，因而應該根據「衛生要求」為目標提供報考數種技術士職類，以供其取得執業牌照進行列管作業。臺灣的攤販業者有逐年成長的趨勢，政府應該因應其需求設立新夜市，以供其「合法」執行飲食技術業務。

　　臺灣在許多涉及油炸類食物方面，重覆使用回鍋油的情形相當普遍，值得有關當局審慎予以妥善處置。此外，在飲食業者方面，飲料含有對人體有害物質，亦或是水源本身有過量大腸桿菌，都是應該採取不定期抽檢方式查驗的項目。在全國的行業管理方面，推動證照制度已是勢在必行，而且政府必須將攤販視為是一種小型行號，同公司行號採取註冊登記方式統一列管。臺灣對於行號或攤販管制鬆散的主因，是因為月營業額未達課稅標準不予重視，但是全國行業管理的重點不是僅限於課稅，而是對於人民的食衣住行育樂作到全面性的管理。臺灣有許多普遍性的社會亂象，其實都是未落實證照制度衍生出之結果，有待政府全面推行證照制度以使其能獲得解決。

技職教育的道路IV

　　在因應臺灣少子化的趨勢下，為了避免高教體系和技職體系後段學校經營不善，導致教育部必須年年花費接管私立學校，因而應該同時對高教體系和技職體系，採取全國同步裁減班級和名額的措施。教育部應該根據全國人口統計數字，採取全國同步比例裁減班級和名額，以使普通大學和科大技院得以妥善因應此一危機。此外，在全國各大學院校的碩士班錄取名額方面，亦必須採取全國同步比例採減名額之措施，但是博士班錄取名額應該維持現狀，以保持臺灣在國際間的學術產能，因為博士生是大學校院的學術生產主力部隊。臺灣職場上最有競爭力的學位，已由過去的學士學位升級為碩士學位，但是為顧及「質」的要求理當比例裁減名額。

　　在高教體系升學背景的學者觀點下，始終認為技職體系是高教體系的高中全部志願填完後，剩下念不到高中的考生才會選擇去念高職。事實上，有很多考生僅考慮高職不考慮高中，而多數考生在選擇志願上乃是採同步參酌的邏輯，也就是將選擇高中職的先後順序排列為：第一志願高中、第一志願高職、第二志願高中、第二志願高職、第三志願高中、第三志願高職、…等，因而高職不是完全念不上高中的學生，而是始終以位列「備位」的角度在選擇高職學校。然而，由於技職體系國立科大能提供之全國總名額較少，因而高職生能考取前幾志願學校之學生素質，客觀地說不亞於高中升普通大學的前幾志願之水準。

　　以高教體系非國立大學之學生素質來說，並不見然優秀於高職私立科大之學生，僅僅是在校名的知名度上佔了優勢。因而，在國中畢業生選擇高中職方面，經常會有如此觀點：「既然沒有考上第N志願高中，不如去念第N志願高職好了，而且你的分數可以填的上XX科。」十二年國教免學費對於職校之來說，確實會有相當程度的磁吸效應存在，但是基於讓國中生自由選擇學習喜好，應該不致於一面倒地往高中升學傾斜。在臺灣早年貧困時期，技職體系的崛起就是貧民家庭的優先選擇，以期能夠早日進入職場工作。但是，近年技職體系學校大幅度升格，衍生出國立學校少私立學校多的情形，教育部應該將「免學費」或「補貼學費」的措施擴及高等技職教育。

Reference

1. 陳至中、許秩維（2013.02.16）十二年國教免學費 恐衝擊職校，中央通訊社，http://www.cna.com.tw/News/aEDU/201302160034-1.aspx
2. 黃麗芸（2013.02.16）高分群讀技職 學習主動性更強，中央通訊社，http://www.cna.com.tw/News/aEDU/201302160028-1.aspx
3. 黃麗芸（2013.02.16）捨北一 闕廷伊：讀高職不輕鬆，中央通訊社，http://www.cna.com.tw/News/aEDU/201302160029-1.aspx

About the Restricted Distribution of Electric Power in the North Taiwan II

　　The NPP IV has become a national topic in Taiwan, and the Legislative Yuan is going to hold the formal congress in March this year. As the words which I said before, the primary problem will be to trust the examined results from the international organizations, which are invited by Taipower or the non-governmental organizations in Taiwan, and the government should establish the relative monitor system of the NPP IV for non-governmental organizations to assist Taipower in managing the nuclear security. According to my evaluation for the original planning of Taipower, the restricted distribution of electric power will come true in the North Taiwan in 2019, but the electric power is still possible compensated by the new thermal power plants in the following years. However, the progress is not smooth going to build the new thermal power plants, and therefore the situation, which is the restricted distribution of electric power, is possible happened in the North Taiwan between 2019 and 2022.

Reference

1. 劉朝陽（2013.02.15）三月「反核月」 藍綠掀核四大戰，民視，http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPVrOZq6YTY
2. 曾盈瑜（2013.02.15）核四預算 綠喊刪藍盼溝通，中央通訊社，http://www.cna.com.tw/News/aIPL/201302150032-1.aspx
3. 楊湘鈞（2013.02.14）核四攻防 立院開春第一砲，聯合報，http://udn.com/news/NATIONAL/NAT1/7697009.shtml
4. C. M. Huang（2013.01.30）About the Restricted Distribution of Electric Power in the North Taiwan, Ching-Min Huang Office, http://cmhuangoffice.blogspot.tw/2013/01/restricted-distribution-of-electric.html